A simple SMTP server (in Python)

问题:

Could you please suggest a simple SMTP server with the very basic APIs (by very basic I mean, to read, write, delete email), that could be run on a linux box? I just need to convert the crux of the email into XML format and FTP it to another machine.

回答1:

Take a look at this SMTP sink server:

from datetime import datetime
import asyncore
from smtpd import SMTPServer

class EmlServer(SMTPServer):
    no = 0
    def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
        filename = '%s-%d.eml' % (datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S'),
                self.no)
        f = open(filename, 'w')
        f.write(data)
        f.close
        print '%s saved.' % filename
        self.no += 1


def run():
    foo = EmlServer(('localhost', 25), None)
    try:
        asyncore.loop()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

It uses smtpd.SMTPServer to dump emails to files.

回答2:

There are really 2 things required to send an email:

• An SMTP Server - This can either be the Python SMTP Server or you can use GMail or your ISP's server. Chances are you don't need to run your own.
• An SMTP Library - Something that will send an email request to the SMTP server. Python ships with a library called smtplib that can do that for you. There is tons of information on how to use it here: http://docs.python.org/library/smtplib.html

For reading, there are two options depending on what server you are reading the email from.

• For a POP Email Server - You can use the poplib python library: http://docs.python.org/library/poplib.html
• For an IMAP Email Server - You can use the imaplib python library: http://docs.python.org/library/imaplib.html

回答3:

Two python smtp servers I've used with success are:

1. Twisted's Mail - A very flexible mail library for SMTP, IMAP, ...
2. python-slimta - A complete MTA (smtp relay/forwarding server)

Twisted's example is shown below

# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.

# You can run this module directly with:
#    twistd -ny emailserver.tac

"""
A toy email server.
"""
from __future__ import print_function

from zope.interface import implementer

from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.mail import smtp
from twisted.mail.imap4 import LOGINCredentials, PLAINCredentials

from twisted.cred.checkers import InMemoryUsernamePasswordDatabaseDontUse
from twisted.cred.portal import IRealm
from twisted.cred.portal import Portal



@implementer(smtp.IMessageDelivery)
class ConsoleMessageDelivery:
    def receivedHeader(self, helo, origin, recipients):
        return "Received: ConsoleMessageDelivery"


    def validateFrom(self, helo, origin):
        # All addresses are accepted
        return origin


    def validateTo(self, user):
        # Only messages directed to the "console" user are accepted.
        if user.dest.local == "console":
            return lambda: ConsoleMessage()
        raise smtp.SMTPBadRcpt(user)



@implementer(smtp.IMessage)
class ConsoleMessage:
    def __init__(self):
        self.lines = []


    def lineReceived(self, line):
        self.lines.append(line)


    def eomReceived(self):
        print("New message received:")
        print("\n".join(self.lines))
        self.lines = None
        return defer.succeed(None)


    def connectionLost(self):
        # There was an error, throw away the stored lines
        self.lines = None



class ConsoleSMTPFactory(smtp.SMTPFactory):
    protocol = smtp.ESMTP

    def __init__(self, *a, **kw):
        smtp.SMTPFactory.__init__(self, *a, **kw)
        self.delivery = ConsoleMessageDelivery()


    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
        p = smtp.SMTPFactory.buildProtocol(self, addr)
        p.delivery = self.delivery
        p.challengers = {"LOGIN": LOGINCredentials, "PLAIN": PLAINCredentials}
        return p



@implementer(IRealm)
class SimpleRealm:
    def requestAvatar(self, avatarId, mind, *interfaces):
        if smtp.IMessageDelivery in interfaces:
            return smtp.IMessageDelivery, ConsoleMessageDelivery(), lambda: None
        raise NotImplementedError()



def main():
    from twisted.application import internet
    from twisted.application import service    

    portal = Portal(SimpleRealm())
    checker = InMemoryUsernamePasswordDatabaseDontUse()
    checker.addUser("guest", "password")
    portal.registerChecker(checker)

    a = service.Application("Console SMTP Server")
    internet.TCPServer(2500, ConsoleSMTPFactory(portal)).setServiceParent(a)

    return a

application = main()

回答4:

These are nice examples for a start.

smtpd – Sample SMTP Servers

http://pymotw.com/2/smtpd/index.html

smtplib – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol client

http://pymotw.com/2/smtplib/index.html

回答5:

There is Python SMTP server.

This module offers several classes to implement SMTP servers. One is a generic do-nothing implementation, which can be overridden, while the other two offer specific mail-sending strategies.

回答6:

A more modern approach is to use the aiosmtpd library (documentation available here).

You can find a good example here: https://aiosmtpd.readthedocs.io/en/latest/aiosmtpd/docs/controller.html.

回答7:

To get Hasen's script working in Python 3 I had to tweak it slightly:

from datetime import datetime
import asyncore
from smtpd import SMTPServer

class EmlServer(SMTPServer):
    no = 0
    def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data, **kwargs):
        filename = '%s-%d.eml' % (datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S'),
            self.no)
        print(filename)
        f = open(filename, 'wb')
        f.write(data)
        f.close
        print('%s saved.' % filename)
        self.no += 1

def run():
    EmlServer(('localhost', 25), None)
    try:
        asyncore.loop()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

回答8:

If you want to quickly test Django's send_mail with hasen's answer above:

# Skip lines 3 and 4 if not using virtualenv.
# At command prompt

mkdir django1
cd django1
virtualenv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install django==1.11
django-admin startproject django1 .

# run the Django shell

python manage.py shell

# paste into shell following:

from django.core.mail import send_mail

send_mail(
    'Subject here',
    'Here is the message.',
    '[e-mail]',
    ['[e-mail]'],
    fail_silently=False,
)
# This should write an email like the following:

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Subject here
From: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail]
Date: Wed, 02 May 2018 02:12:09 -0000
Message-ID: <20180502021209.32641.51865@i1022>

Here is the message.

Not necessary to have valid values in send_mail function. Above values will work just fine with hasen's example.