subclass string.Formatter

问题:

Following a remark here: How to define a new string formatter, I tried subclassing string.Formatter. Here is what I've done. Unfortunately I seem to have broken it in the process

import string
from math import floor, log10

class CustFormatter(string.Formatter):
    "Defines special formatting"
    def __init__(self):
        super(CustFormatter, self).__init__()

    def powerise10(self, x):
        if x == 0: return 0, 0
        Neg = x < 0
        if Neg: x = -x
        a = 1.0 * x / 10**(floor(log10(x)))
        b = int(floor(log10(x)))
        if Neg: a = -a
        return a, b

    def eng(self, x):
        a, b = self.powerise10(x)
        if -3 < b < 3: return "%.4g" % x
        a = a * 10**(b%3)
        b = b - b%3
        return "%.4g*10^%s" % (a, b)

    def format_field(self, value, format_string):
      # handle an invalid format
      if format_string == "i":
          return self.eng(value)
      else:
          return super(CustFormatter,self).format_field(value, format_string)

fmt = CustFormatter()
print('{}'.format(0.055412))
print(fmt.format("{0:i} ", 55654654231654))
print(fmt.format("{} ", 0.00254641))

As if as in the last line, I don't refer to the variables by position, I get a KeyError. It is obviously expecting a key which is optional in the original class but I don't understand why and I am not sure what I've done wrong.

回答1:

str.format does auto numbering, while string.Formatter does not.

Modifying __init__ and overriding get_value will do the trick.

def __init__(self):
    super(CustFormatter, self).__init__()
    self.last_number = 0

def get_value(self, key, args, kwargs):
    if key == '':
        key = self.last_number
        self.last_number += 1
    return super(CustFormatter, self).get_value(key, args, kwargs)

BTW, above code does not strictly mimic str.format behavior. str.format complains if we mix auto numbering with manual number, but above does not.

>>> '{} {1}'.format(1, 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: cannot switch from automatic field numbering to manual field specification
>>> '{0} {}'.format(1, 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: cannot switch from manual field specification to automatic field numbering

回答2:

Good news: you have not done anything wrong. Bad news: that's how string.Formatter behaves, it does not support {}-like positional format. So, the last call will fail even without any subclassing. Good news: that's can be fixed by overriding the parse method:

import string

class CF(string.Formatter):
    def parse(self, s):
        position = 0
        for lit, name, spec, conv in super(CF, self).parse(s):
            if not name:
                name = str(position)
                position += 1
            yield lit, name, spec, conv

Bad news... Ah, no, that's basically it:

>>> CF().format('{} {}!', 'Hello', 'world')
'Hello world!'