Hiding private data members? (C++)

问题:

Is there a way to hide private data members of a C++ class away from its users, in the cpp file? I think of the private members as part of the implementation and it seems a little backwards to declare them in the header file.

回答1:

The "pimpl" idiom is how this is generally handled.

See

• http://www.gotw.ca/gotw/024.htm
• http://www.gotw.ca/gotw/028.htm
• http://herbsutter.com/gotw/_100/ (updated for C++11)

回答2:

See Pimpl Idiom

回答3:

you want to use something like the PIMPL idiom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaque_pointer

回答4:

The classic way to do this is with a proxy pointer to an internal class which implements the functionality. There's no way to do partial class definitions in C++ that I know of.

回答5:

Going commercial? ;)

You can create header files, in which you only declare the public and protected API.

The user is only presented with these, which they can include. They link their code with a library, which you built using the complete API and the definitions.

For inlined functions: make sure they are used in non-inlined code, then there will be a definition available in the library (I'm not sure it will be inlined in the user implemenation, however).

For templated code there is no real way around. One half-hearted solution is to make code, which uses the templated code with different object types. The user will be limited to these, because they are the only definitions available in your library.