How to test os.exit scenarios in Go

问题:

Given this code

func doomed() {
  os.Exit(1)
}

How do I properly test that calling this function will result in an exist using go test? This needs to occur within a suite of tests, in other words the os.Exit() call cannot impact the other tests and should be trapped.

回答1:

There's a presentation by Andrew Gerrand (one of the core members of the Go team) where he shows how to do it.

Given a function (in main.go)

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

func Crasher() {
    fmt.Println("Going down in flames!")
    os.Exit(1)
}

here's how you would test it (through main_test.go):

package main

import (
    "os"
    "os/exec"
    "testing"
)

func TestCrasher(t *testing.T) {
    if os.Getenv("BE_CRASHER") == "1" {
        Crasher()
        return
    }
    cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestCrasher")
    cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "BE_CRASHER=1")
    err := cmd.Run()
    if e, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok && !e.Success() {
        return
    }
    t.Fatalf("process ran with err %v, want exit status 1", err)
}

What the code does is invoke go test again in a separate process through exec.Command, limiting execution to the TestCrasher test (via the -test.run=TestCrasher switch). It also passes in a flag via an environment variable (BE_CRASHER=1) which the second invocation checks for and, if set, calls the system-under-test, returning immediately afterwards to prevent running into an infinite loop. Thus, we are being dropped back into our original call site and may now validate the actual exit code.

Source: Slide 23 of Andrew's presentation. The second slide contains a link to the presentation's video as well. He talks about subprocess tests at 47:09

回答2:

I don't think you can test the actual os.Exit without simulating testing from the outside (using exec.Command) process.

That said, you might be able to accomplish your goal by creating an interface or function type and then use a noop implementation in your tests:

Go Playground

package main

import "os"
import "fmt"

type exiter func (code int)

func main() {
    doExit(func(code int){})
    fmt.Println("got here")
    doExit(func(code int){ os.Exit(code)})
}

func doExit(exit exiter) {
    exit(1)
}

回答3:

I do this by using bouk/monkey:

func TestDoomed(t *testing.T) {
  fakeExit := func(int) {
    panic("os.Exit called")      
  }
  patch := monkey.Patch(os.Exit, fakeExit)
  defer patch.Unpatch()
  assert.PanicsWithValue(t, "os.Exit called", doomed, "os.Exit was not called")
}

monkey is super-powerful when it comes to this sort of work, and for fault injection and other difficult tasks. It does come with some caveats.

回答4:

You can't, you would have to use exec.Command and test the returned value.

回答5:

Code for testing:

package main
import "os"

var my_private_exit_function func(code int) = os.Exit

func main() {
    MyAbstractFunctionAndExit(1)
}

func MyAbstractFunctionAndExit(exit int) {
    my_private_exit_function(exit)
}

Testing code:

package main

import (
    "os"
    "testing"
)

func TestMyAbstractFunctionAndExit(t *testing.T) {
    var ok bool = false // The default value can be omitted :)

    // Prepare testing
    my_private_exit_function = func(c int) {
        ok = true
    }
    // Run function
    MyAbstractFunctionAndExit(1)
    // Check
    if ok == false {
        t.Errorf("Error in AbstractFunction()")
    }
    // Restore if need
    my_private_exit_function = os.Exit
}