parsing parenthesized list in python's imaplib

问题:

I am looking for simple way to split parenthesized lists that come out of IMAP responses into Python lists or tuples. I want to go from

'(BODYSTRUCTURE ("text" "plain" ("charset" "ISO-8859-1") NIL NIL "quoted-printable" 1207 50 NIL NIL NIL NIL))'

to

(BODYSTRUCTURE, ("text", "plain", ("charset", "ISO-8859-1"), None, None, "quoted-printable", 1207, 50, None, None, None, None))

回答1:

pyparsing's nestedExpr parser function parses nested parentheses by default:

from pyparsing import nestedExpr

text = '(BODYSTRUCTURE ("text" "plain" ("charset" "ISO-8859-1") NIL NIL "quotedprintable" 1207 50 NIL NIL NIL NIL))'

print nestedExpr().parseString(text)

prints:

[['BODYSTRUCTURE', ['"text"', '"plain"', ['"charset"', '"ISO-8859-1"'], 'NIL', 'NIL', '"quoted printable"', '1207', '50', 'NIL', 'NIL', 'NIL', 'NIL']]]

Here is a slightly modified parser, which does parse-time conversion of integer strings to integers, from "NIL" to None, and stripping quotes from quoted strings:

from pyparsing import (nestedExpr, Literal, Word, alphanums, 
    quotedString, replaceWith, nums, removeQuotes)

NIL = Literal("NIL").setParseAction(replaceWith(None))
integer = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda t:int(t[0]))
quotedString.setParseAction(removeQuotes)
content = (NIL | integer | Word(alphanums))

print nestedExpr(content=content, ignoreExpr=quotedString).parseString(text)

Prints:

[['BODYSTRUCTURE', ['text', 'plain', ['charset', 'ISO-8859-1'], None, None, 'quoted-printable', 1207, 50, None, None, None, None]]]

回答2:

Taking out only internal part of the server answer containing actualy the body structure:

struct = ('(((("TEXT" "PLAIN" ("CHARSET" "ISO-8859-1") NIL NIL "7BIT" 16 2)'
         '("TEXT" "HTML" ("CHARSET" "ISO-8859-1") NIL NIL "QUOTED-PRINTABLE"'
         ' 392 6) "ALTERNATIVE")("IMAGE" "GIF" ("NAME" "538.gif") '
         '"<[e-mail]>" NIL "BASE64" 172)("IMAGE" "PNG" ("NAME" '
         '"4F4.png") "<[e-mail]>" NIL "BASE64" 754) "RELATED")'
         '("IMAGE" "JPEG" ("NAME" "avatar_airbender.jpg") NIL NIL "BASE64"'
         ' 157924) "MIXED")')

Next step is to replace some tokens, what would prepair string to transform into python types:

struct = struct.replace(' ', ',').replace(')(', '),(')

Using built-in module compiler to parse our structure:

import compiler
expr = compiler.parse(struct.replace(' ', ',').replace(')(', '),('), 'eval')

Performing simple recursive function to transform expression:

def transform(expression):
    if isinstance(expression, compiler.transformer.Expression):
        return transform(expression.node)
    elif isinstance(expression, compiler.transformer.Tuple):
        return tuple(transform(item) for item in expression.nodes)
    elif isinstance(expression, compiler.transformer.Const):
        return expression.value
    elif isinstance(expression, compiler.transformer.Name):
        return None if expression.name == 'NIL' else expression.name

And finally we get the desired result as nested python tuples:

result = transform(expr)
print result

(((('TEXT', 'PLAIN', ('CHARSET', 'ISO-8859-1'), None, None, '7BIT', 16, 2), ('TEXT', 'HTML', ('CHARSET', 'ISO-8859-1'), None, None, 'QUOTED-PRINTABLE', 392, 6), 'ALTERNATIVE'), ('IMAGE', 'GIF', ('NAME', '538.gif'), '<[e-mail]>', None, 'BASE64', 172), ('IMAGE', 'PNG', ('NAME', '4F4.png'), '<[e-mail]>', None, 'BASE64', 754), 'RELATED'), ('IMAGE', 'JPEG', ('NAME', 'avatar_airbender.jpg'), None, None, 'BASE64', 157924), 'MIXED')

From where we can recognize different headers of body structure:

text, attachments = (result[0], result[1:])

回答3:

The fact that there's nested tuples makes this impossible with a regex. You'll have to write a parser to denote when you're inside a parenthesis or not.

You could try

tuple('(BODYSTRUCTURE ("text" "plain" ("charset" "ISO-8859-1") NIL NIL "quoted-printable" 1207 50 NIL NIL NIL NIL))'.replace("NIL", "None").split(' '))

Edit: Well I got something that works with your example, not sure it's what you want though.

BODYSTRUCTURE needs to be defined somewhere.

eval(",".join([a for a in '(BODYSTRUCTURE ("text" "plain" ("charset" "ISO-8859-1") NIL NIL "quoted-printable" 1207 50 NIL NIL NIL NIL))'.replace("NIL", "None").split(' ')]))