Unwanted [Nan] output in Python neural network

问题:

newbie here. Just switched over from JS to Python to build Neural nets but getting [Nan] outputs from it.

The weird thing is that my sigmoid func. doesn't seem to encounter any overflow but the derivative causes chaos.

import numpy as np

def sigmoid(x):
  return x*(1-x)
  return 1/(1 + np.exp(-x))

#The function- 2

def Sigmoid_Derivative(x):
    return x * (1-x)

Training_inputs = np.array([[0,0,1], 
                            [1,1,1], 
                            [1,0,1], 
                            [0,1,1]])

Training_outputs = np.array([[0, 1, 1, 0]]).T

np.random.seed(1)

synaptic_weights = np.random.random((3, 1)) - 1

print ("Random starting synaptic weight:")
print (synaptic_weights)

for iteration in range(20000):
  Input_Layer = Training_inputs

  Outputs = sigmoid(np.dot(Input_Layer, synaptic_weights)) 

  erorr = Training_outputs - Outputs

  adjustments = erorr * Sigmoid_Derivative(Outputs)

  synaptic_weights += np.dot(Input_Layer.T, adjustments)

# The print declaration----------  
print ("Synaptic weights after trainig:")
print (synaptic_weights)

print ("Outputs after training: ")
print (Outputs)

This is the erorr message. I dunno why it Overflowing because the weights seem to be small enough.BTW Pls give solutions in simple python as I am a newbie :--

Random starting synaptic weight:
[[-0.582978  ]
 [-0.27967551]
 [-0.99988563]]
/home/neel/Documents/VS-Code_Projects/Machine_Lrn(PY)/tempCodeRunnerFile.py:10: RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in multiply
  return x * (1-x)
Synaptic weights after trainig:
[[nan]
 [nan]
 [nan]]
Outputs after training: 
[[nan]
 [nan]
 [nan]
 [nan]]

回答1:

There are at least two issues with your code.

The first is the inexplicable use of 2 return statements in your sigmoid function, which should simply be:

def sigmoid(x):
  return 1/(1 + np.exp(-x))

which gives the correct result for x=0 (0.5), and goes to 1 for large x:

sigmoid(0)
# 0.5
sigmoid(20)
# 0.99999999793884631

Your (wrong) sigmoid:

def your_sigmoid(x):
  return x*(1-x)
  return 1/(1 + np.exp(-x))

can easily lead to overflow:

your_sigmoid(20)
# -380

The other issue is that your derivative is wrong; it should be:

def Sigmoid_Derivative(x):
    return sigmoid(x) * (1-sigmoid(x))

See the Derivative of sigmoid function thread at Math.SE, as well as the discussion here.