Handling specific errors in JavaScript (think exce

问题:

How would you implement different types of errors, so you'd be able to catch specific ones and let others bubble up..?

One way to achieve this is to modify the prototype of the Error object:

Error.prototype.sender = "";


function throwSpecificError()
{
    var e = new Error();

    e.sender = "specific";

    throw e;
}

Catch specific error:

try
{
    throwSpecificError();
}

catch (e)
{
    if (e.sender !== "specific") throw e;

    // handle specific error
}

Have you guys got any alternatives?

回答1:

To create custom exceptions, you can inherit from the Error object:

function SpecificError () {

}

SpecificError.prototype = new Error();

// ...
try {
  throw new SpecificError;
} catch (e) {
  if (e instanceof SpecificError) {
   // specific error
  } else {
    throw e; // let others bubble up
  }
}

A minimalistic approach, without inheriting from Error, could be throwing a simple object having a name and a message properties:

function throwSpecificError() {
  throw {
    name: 'SpecificError',
    message: 'SpecificError occurred!'
  };
}


// ...
try {
  throwSpecificError();
} catch (e) {
  if (e.name == 'SpecificError') {
   // specific error
  } else {
    throw e; // let others bubble up
  }
}

回答2:

As noted in the comments below this is Mozilla specific, but you can use 'conditional catch' blocks. e.g.:

try {
  ...
  throwSpecificError();
  ...
}
catch (e if e.sender === "specific") {
  specificHandler(e);
}
catch (e if e.sender === "unspecific") {
  unspecificHandler(e);
}
catch (e) {
  // don't know what to do
  throw e;
} 

This gives something more akin to typed exception handling used in Java, at least syntactically.

回答3:

try-catch-finally.js

Example

_try(function () {
    throw 'My error';
})
.catch(Error, function (e) {
    console.log('Caught Error: ' + e);
})
.catch(String, function (e) {
    console.log('Caught String: ' + e);
})
.catch(function (e) {
    console.log('Caught other: ' + e);
})
.finally(function () {
    console.log('Error was caught explicitly');
});