Vue 2 component styles without Vue loader

问题:

Considering that there is single file component (as shown in the guide),

<style>
.example {
  color: red;
}
</style>

<template>
  <div class="example">hi</div>
</template>

How can the same thing be done without Vue loader in non-modular ES5/ES6 environment?

Considering that the style is scoped,

<style scoped>
.example {
  color: red;
}
</style>

Is there a way to implement scoped CSS in non-modular environment, too? If there's none, is there a way to implement it in modular environment (Webpack), but without Vue loader and custom .vue format?

回答1:

Instead of using the template instance in the Vue component, you can harness a 'closer-to-the-compiler alternative' with the render function without the need for the Vue Loader or compiler. You can add any additional attributes with the second parameter in the createElement function and this will give you a lot of flexibility on top of just styles.

See the Render Functions section in the guide for more info and the full options allowed in the data obj:

https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/render-function

https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/render-function#The-Data-Object-In-Depth

Note: The caveat here is that the style will only apply to the component it is declared in, so it might not be able to used across multiple components of the same class like CSS would be. Not sure if thats also what you want to achieve.

An example from the docs catered to this use case:

Vue.component('example', {
    // render function as alternative to 'template'
    render: function (createElement) {
        return createElement(
            // {String | Object | Function}
            // An HTML tag name, component options, or function
            // returning one of these. Required.
            'h2',
            // {Object}
            // A data object corresponding to the attributes
            // you would use in a template. Optional.
            {
                style: {
                    color: 'red',
                    fontSize: '28px',
                },
                domProps: {
                    innerHTML: 'My Example Header'
                }
            },
            // {String | Array}
            // Children VNodes. Optional.
            []
    )}
});

var example = new Vue({
    el: '#yourExampleId'
});

回答2:

It can be achieved putting the scope manually, as vue-loader does automatically.

This is the example of the documentation. Adding some kind of ID, "_v-f3f3eg9" in this case, to scope the class only for that element.

<style>
.example[_v-f3f3eg9] {
  color: red;
}
</style>

Vue.component('my-component', {
    template: '<div class="example" _v-f3f3eg9>hi</div>'
});

回答3:

I use Rollup (+ Bublé) + Vue.js all the time. It's pretty simple and fast.

The Rollup config is like:

import vue from 'rollup-plugin-vue';
import resolve from 'rollup-plugin-node-resolve';
import buble from 'rollup-plugin-buble';

const pkg = require('./package.json');
const external = Object.keys(pkg.dependencies);

export default {
  external,
  globals: { vue: 'Vue' },
  entry: 'src/entry.js',
  plugins: [
    resolve(),
    vue({ compileTemplate: true, css: true }),
    buble({ target: { ie: 9 }})
  ],
  targets: [
    { dest: 'dist/vue-rollup-example.cjs.js', format: 'cjs' },
    { dest: 'dist/vue-rollup-example.umd.js', format: 'umd' }
  ]
};

I've made a boilerplate repo:

git clone https://github.com/jonataswalker/vue-rollup-example.git
cd vue-rollup-example
npm install
npm run build