Class Inheritance in Javascript

问题:

I am wondering how to simulate Class Inheritance in JavaScript. I know class doesn't apply to JavaScript, the way we use is Functions to create objects and do the inheritance things through Prototype object.

For example, how do you convert this structure into JavaScript :

public class Mankind {
    public string name;
    public string lastname;
}

public class Person: Mankind {
    public void Run(string fromWhat) {
        //write the run logic
    }
}

What is the equivalent of this piece of code in JavaScript.

Edit:

I've also found another link where Douglas Crockford explains different inheritance models as CMS does: Classical Inheritance in JavaScript.

Hope it helps others as well.

回答1:

There are plenty ways of implementing inheritance and behavior reuse in JavaScript, perhaps the way that is more similar to your class-based OOP example would be the pseudo-classical inheritance:

function Mankind (name, lastname) {
  this.name = name;
  this.lastname = lastname;
}

function Person (name, lastname) {
  this.name = name;
  this.lastname = lastname;

  this.run = function() {
    // run logic
  };
}
Person.prototype = new Mankind();
Person.prototype.walk = function () {
  // walk logic
};

The difference between run and walk is that the first will exist on every object instance of Person, and the second method, walk, will exist only in Person.prototype and will be accessed through the prototype chain.

In this pattern you see a bit of code duplication, we need the logic to initialize the fields also on the inherited constructor, another pattern that avoids this, is Constructor Function application:

function Mankind (name, lastname) {
  this.name = name;
  this.lastname = lastname;
}

function Person (name, lastname) {
  Mankind.apply(this, arguments);
  this.run = function() {
    // run logic
  };
}

More info:

• How to inherit from a class in JavaScript (various examples)
• Inheritance Patterns in JavaScript (article)
• Classical Inheritance in JavaScript (article)

回答2:

Updated for ES 6:

class Mankind {
    constructor (lastName, firstName) {
      this.lastName = lastName;
      this.firstName = firstName;
    }
}

class Person extends Mankind {
    run (fromWhat) {
        //write the run logic
    }
}

回答3:

check out mooTools

http://mootools.net/docs/core/Class/Class

回答4:

(function(){
function Mankind() {
    this.name = "joe";
}
function Person(){
    this.Run = function(fromWhat){
        alert(this.name + ' runs from ' + fromWhat + '!');
    }
}
Person.prototype = new Mankind;

var dude = new Person;
dude.Run('bear');
})()

Instead of using static data structure (class-type) definitions, javascript uses functions to dynamically build data structure prototypes. That's a big leap because it allows you to build a structure as you gather enough context to know what you really need. The prototype chain is dynamic as well, which is another big leap and I'm just starting to wrap my head around it.

Instead of more words, check the following source Luke:

(function(){
// prototype chaining example
function f1(){this.foo = "foo"}
function f2(){this.bar = "bar"}
function f3(){this.bat = "bat"}
f2.prototype = new f1();
f3.prototype = new f2();
var a = new f1;
var b = new f2;
var c = new f3;
// state is inherited
var member_list = [
a.foo, // "foo"
a.bar, // undefined
a.bat, // undefined
b.foo, // "foo"
b.bar, // "bar"
b.bat, // undefined
c.foo, // "foo"
c.bar, // "bar"
c.bat // "bat"
];
// prototypes are chained
var instanceof_list = [
a instanceof f1, // true
a instanceof f2, // false
a instanceof f3, // false
b instanceof f1, // true
b instanceof f2, // true
b instanceof f3, // false
c instanceof f1, // true
c instanceof f2, // true
c instanceof f3 // true
];

// try to break chain
function f4(){this.fu = "fu"}
f2.prototype = new f4;

// state is preserved
var member_list2 = [
a.foo, // "foo"
a.bar, // undefined
a.bat, // undefined
b.foo, // "foo"
b.bar, // "bar"
b.bat, // undefined
c.foo, // "foo"
c.bar, // "bar"
c.bat // "bat"
];
// chain not broken, but link is removed 
var instanceof_list2 = [
a instanceof f1, // true
a instanceof f2, // false
a instanceof f3, // false
b instanceof f1, // true
b instanceof f2, // false
b instanceof f3, // false
c instanceof f1, // true
c instanceof f2, // false
c instanceof f3 // true
];
// no new link is added
var instanceof_list3 = [
a instanceof f4, // false
b instanceof f4, // false
c instanceof f4 // false
];
debugger    
})()