Error: invalid use of member in static member func

问题:

I have two classes, and this is the header of one of them:

#ifndef WRAPPER_HPP
#define WRAPPER_HPP

#include <SDL/SDL.h>

using namespace std;

class Wrapper
{
  private:
    //SDL_Surface *screen;

  public:
    static SDL_Surface *screen;

    static void set_screen(SDL_Surface *_screen);
    static void set_pixel(int x, int y, Uint8 color);
    static void clear_screen(int r, int g, int b);
    static SDL_Surface* load_image(char path[500]);
    static void draw_image(SDL_Surface *img, int x, int y, int width, int height);
    static void draw_line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, Uint8 color);
};

#endif

I am calling Wrapper::set_screen(screen) from another file and I get this error:

In file included from /home/david/src/aships/src/Wrapper.cpp:6:0:
/home/david/src/aships/src/Wrapper.hpp: In static member function ‘static void Wrapper::set_screen(SDL_Surface*)’:
/home/david/src/aships/src/Wrapper.hpp:11:18: error: invalid use of member ‘Wrapper::screen’ in static member function
/home/david/src/aships/src/Wrapper.cpp:10:3: error: from this location

I also get a similar error for the definition of every single function on Wrapper.cpp, for example:

void Wrapper::set_pixel(int x, int y, Uint8 color)
{
  /* Draws a pixel on the screen at (x, y) with color 'color' */
  Uint8 *p;
  p = (Uint8 *) screen->pixels + y * screen->pitch + x * screen->format->BytesPerPixel;
  *p = color;
}

On compile:

/home/david/src/aships/src/Wrapper.hpp: In static member function ‘static void Wrapper::set_pixel(int, int, Uint8)’:
/home/david/src/aships/src/Wrapper.hpp:11:18: error: invalid use of member ‘Wrapper::screen’ in static member function
/home/david/src/aships/src/Wrapper.cpp:17:17: error: from this location

I know it's related to the class being static and thus the variable Wrapper.screen is not accessible or something, but I'm not sure of how to fix it. Any ideas?

回答1:

You are using a static variable

static SDL_Surface *screen;

in your code.

In C++ when you declare a static variable in the .h (or .hpp) you are creating a variable that is general (static) to the class. Thus, to use it in another file you have to redeclare it (which I'm guessing you didn't) to create a variable in that file referencing the static one. In your case put this:

SDL_Surface* Wrapper::screen;

in the .cpp file.

I'm not sure the theory is well explained, but it works like that.

回答2:

Your class and member (screen) are not static, which means they don't actually exist. You can't access a non static member in a static function.

Try to make your data members to be static.

回答3:

I'm not convinced that the code abstract you show us is an accurate characterization of your problem.

Your header should not include using namespace std; — it doesn't use or declare anything from the std namespace, and specifying using namespace std; is generally regarded as 'not a good idea', doubly so when it appears in a header file.

It also isn't clear that your header needs to include SDL/SDL.h. If the Uint8 type is easily isolated (not necessarily valid), then your header file can simply use a forward declaration of the SDL_Surface class. (Your implementation code will need to include SDL/SDL.h; but you should not burden the users of your wrapper class with unnecessary #include directives when simple forward declarations would suffice.)

This code is self-contained (does not need any headers), but more or less simulates what you could use, and it compiles OK:

#ifndef WRAPPER_HPP
#define WRAPPER_HPP

typedef unsigned char Uint8;
class SDL_Surface;

class Wrapper
{
public:
    static SDL_Surface *screen;

    static void set_screen(SDL_Surface *_screen);
    static void set_pixel(int x, int y, Uint8 color);
    static void clear_screen(int r, int g, int b);
    static SDL_Surface *load_image(char path[500]);
    static void draw_image(SDL_Surface *img, int x, int y, int width, int height);
    static void draw_line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, Uint8 color);
};

#endif

//#include <SDL/SDL.h>

typedef unsigned short Uint16;

class SDL_Surface
{
public:
    Uint8   *pixels;
    Uint16   pitch;
    struct
    {
        Uint8 BytesPerPixel;
    }       *format;
};

// End of SDL/SDL.h

void Wrapper::set_pixel(int x, int y, Uint8 color)
{
    /* Draws a pixel on the screen at (x, y) with color 'color' */
    Uint8 *p;
    p = (Uint8 *) screen->pixels + y * screen->pitch + x * screen->format->BytesPerPixel;
    *p = color;
}

It also compiles without warnings. The (Uint8 *) cast (copied from the original) is unnecessary. With the class definition given, it is superfluous; if you are needing to use a cast because the type of the pixels member of SDL_Surface actually isn't Uint8, are you sure it is a good idea? And can't you use reinterpret_cast<Uint8>(screen->pixels) instead to make it clearer?

---

Can you reduce your problem to code analogous to this that still shows the actual error?