This question has been asked and answered many times before. Some examples: [1], [2]. But there doesn't seem to be something somewhat more general. What I'm looking for is for a way to split strings at commas that are not within quotes or pairs of delimiters. For instance:
s1 = 'obj<1, 2, 3>, x(4, 5), "msg, with comma"'
should be split into a list of three elements
['obj<1, 2, 3>', 'x(4, 5)', '"msg, with comma"']
The problem now is that this can get more complicated since we can look into pairs of <> and ().
s2 = 'obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>, x(4, y(8, 9), 5), "msg, with comma"'
which should be split into:
['obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>', 'x(4, y(8, 9), 5)', '"msg, with comma"']
The naive solution without using regex is to parse the string by looking for the characters ,<(. If either < or ( are found then we start counting the parity. We can only split at a comma if the parity is zero. For instance say we want to split s2, we can start with parity = 0 and when we reach s2[3] we encounter < which will increase parity by 1. The parity will only decrease when it encounters > or ) and it will increase when it encounters < or (. While the parity is not 0 we can simply ignore the commas and not do any splitting.
The question here is, is there a way to this quickly with regex? I was really looking into this solution but this doesn't seem like it covers the examples I have given.
A more general function would be something like this:
def split_at(text, delimiter, exceptions):
"""Split text at the specified delimiter if the delimiter is not
within the exceptions"""
Some uses would be like this:
split_at('obj<1, 2, 3>, x(4, 5), "msg, with comma"', ',', [('<', '>'), ('(', ')'), ('"', '"')]
Would regex be able to handle this or is it necessary to create a specialized parser?
While it's not possible to use a Regular Expression, the following simple code will achieve the desired result:
def split_at(text, delimiter, opens='<([', closes='>)]', quotes='"\''):
result = []
buff = ""
level = 0
is_quoted = False
for char in text:
if char in delimiter and level == 0 and not is_quoted:
result.append(buff)
buff = ""
else:
buff += char
if char in opens:
level += 1
if char in closes:
level -= 1
if char in quotes:
is_quoted = not is_quoted
if not buff == "":
result.append(buff)
return result
Running this in the interpreter:
>>> split_at('obj<1, 2, 3>, x(4, 5), "msg, with comma"', ',')
#=>['obj<1, 2, 3>', ' x(4, 5)', ' "msg with comma"']
using iterators and generators:
def tokenize(txt, delim=',', pairs={'"':'"', '<':'>', '(':')'}):
fst, snd = set(pairs.keys()), set(pairs.values())
it = txt.__iter__()
def loop():
from collections import defaultdict
cnt = defaultdict(int)
while True:
ch = it.__next__()
if ch == delim and not any (cnt[x] for x in snd):
return
elif ch in fst:
cnt[pairs[ch]] += 1
elif ch in snd:
cnt[ch] -= 1
yield ch
while it.__length_hint__():
yield ''.join(loop())
and,
>>> txt = 'obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>,x(4, y(8, 9), 5),"msg, with comma"'
>>> [x for x in tokenize(txt)]
['obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>', 'x(4, y(8, 9), 5)', '"msg, with comma"']
If you have recursive nested expressions, you can split on the commas and validate that they are matching doing this with pyparsing:
import pyparsing as pp
def CommaSplit(txt):
''' Replicate the function of str.split(',') but do not split on nested expressions or in quoted strings'''
com_lok=[]
comma = pp.Suppress(',')
# note the location of each comma outside an ignored expression:
comma.setParseAction(lambda s, lok, toks: com_lok.append(lok))
ident = pp.Word(pp.alphas+"_", pp.alphanums+"_") # python identifier
ex1=(ident+pp.nestedExpr(opener='<', closer='>')) # Ignore everthing inside nested '< >'
ex2=(ident+pp.nestedExpr()) # Ignore everthing inside nested '( )'
ex3=pp.Regex(r'("|\').*?\1') # Ignore everything inside "'" or '"'
atom = ex1 | ex2 | ex3 | comma
expr = pp.OneOrMore(atom) + pp.ZeroOrMore(comma + atom )
try:
result=expr.parseString(txt)
except pp.ParseException:
return [txt]
else:
return [txt[st:end] for st,end in zip([0]+[e+1 for e in com_lok],com_lok+[len(txt)])]
tests='''\
obj<1, 2, 3>, x(4, 5), "msg, with comma"
nesteobj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>, nestedx(4, y(8, 9), 5), "msg, with comma"
nestedobj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>, nestedx(4, y(8, 9), 5), 'msg, with comma', additional<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>
bare_comma<1, sub(6, 7), 3>, x(4, y(8, 9), 5), , 'msg, with comma', obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>
bad_close<1, sub<6, 7>, 3), x(4, y(8, 9), 5), 'msg, with comma', obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3)
'''
for te in tests.splitlines():
result=CommaSplit(te)
print(te,'==>\n\t',result)
Prints:
obj<1, 2, 3>, x(4, 5), "msg, with comma" ==>
['obj<1, 2, 3>', ' x(4, 5)', ' "msg, with comma"']
nesteobj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>, nestedx(4, y(8, 9), 5), "msg, with comma" ==>
['nesteobj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>', ' nestedx(4, y(8, 9), 5)', ' "msg, with comma"']
nestedobj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>, nestedx(4, y(8, 9), 5), 'msg, with comma', additional<1, sub<6, 7>, 3> ==>
['nestedobj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>', ' nestedx(4, y(8, 9), 5)', " 'msg, with comma'", ' additional<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>']
bare_comma<1, sub(6, 7), 3>, x(4, y(8, 9), 5), , 'msg, with comma', obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3> ==>
['bare_comma<1, sub(6, 7), 3>', ' x(4, y(8, 9), 5)', ' ', " 'msg, with comma'", ' obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3>']
bad_close<1, sub<6, 7>, 3), x(4, y(8, 9), 5), 'msg, with comma', obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3) ==>
["bad_close<1, sub<6, 7>, 3), x(4, y(8, 9), 5), 'msg, with comma', obj<1, sub<6, 7>, 3)"]
The current behavior is just like '(something does not split), b, "in quotes", c'.split',') including keeping the leading spaces and the quotes. It is trivial to strip the quotes and leading spaces from the fields.
Change the else under try to:
else:
rtr = [txt[st:end] for st,end in zip([0]+[e+1 for e in com_lok],com_lok+[len(txt)])]
if strip_fields:
rtr=[e.strip().strip('\'"') for e in rtr]
return rtr
