Save a dictionary to a file (alternative to pi

问题:

Answered I ended up going with pickle at the end anyway

Ok so with some advice on another question I asked I was told to use pickle to save a dictionary to a file.

The dictionary that I was trying to save to the file was

members = {'Starspy' : 'SHSN4N', 'Test' : 'Test1'}

When pickle saved it to the file... this was the format

(dp0
S'Test'
p1
S'Test1'
p2
sS'Test2'
p3
S'Test2'
p4
sS'Starspy'
p5
S'SHSN4N'
p6
s.

Can you please give me an alternative way to save the string to the file?

This is the format that I would like it to save in

members = {'Starspy' : 'SHSN4N', 'Test' : 'Test1'}

Complete Code:

import sys
import shutil
import os
import pickle

tmp = os.path.isfile("members-tmp.pkl")
if tmp == True:
    os.remove("members-tmp.pkl")
shutil.copyfile("members.pkl", "members-tmp.pkl")

pkl_file = open('members-tmp.pkl', 'rb')
members = pickle.load(pkl_file)
pkl_file.close()

def show_menu():
    os.system("clear")
    print "\n","*" * 12, "MENU", "*" * 12
    print "1. List members"
    print "2. Add member"
    print "3. Delete member"
    print "99. Save"
    print "0. Abort"
    print "*" * 28, "\n"
    return input("Please make a selection: ")

def show_members(members):
    os.system("clear")
    print "\nNames", "     ", "Code"
    for keys in members.keys():
        print keys, " - ", members[keys]

def add_member(members):
    os.system("clear")
    name = raw_input("Please enter name: ")
    code = raw_input("Please enter code: ")
    members[name] = code
    output = open('members-tmp.pkl', 'wb')
    pickle.dump(members, output)
    output.close()
    return members


#with open("foo.txt", "a") as f:
#     f.write("new line\n")

running = 1

while running:
    selection = show_menu()
    if selection == 1:
        show_members(members)
        print "\n> " ,raw_input("Press enter to continue")
    elif selection == 2:
        members == add_member(members)
        print members
        print "\n> " ,raw_input("Press enter to continue")
    elif selection == 99:
        os.system("clear")
        shutil.copyfile("members-tmp.pkl", "members.pkl")
        print "Save Completed"
        print "\n> " ,raw_input("Press enter to continue")

    elif selection == 0:
        os.remove("members-tmp.pkl")
        sys.exit("Program Aborted")
    else:
        os.system("clear")
        print "That is not a valid option!"
        print "\n> " ,raw_input("Press enter to continue")

回答1:

Sure, save it as CSV:

import csv
w = csv.writer(open("output.csv", "w"))
for key, val in dict.items():
    w.writerow([key, val])

Then reading it would be:

import csv
dict = {}
for key, val in csv.reader(open("input.csv")):
    dict[key] = val

Another alternative would be json (json for version 2.6+, or install simplejson for 2.5 and below):

>>> import json
>>> dict = {"hello": "world"}
>>> json.dumps(dict)
'{"hello": "world"}'

回答2:

The most common serialization format for this nowadays is JSON, which is universally supported and represents simple data structures like dictionaries very clearly.

>>> members = {'Starspy' : 'SHSN4N', 'Test' : 'Test1'}
>>> json.dumps(members)
'{"Test": "Test1", "Starspy": "SHSN4N"}'
>>> json.loads(json.dumps(members))
{u'Test': u'Test1', u'Starspy': u'SHSN4N'}

回答3:

The YAML format (via pyyaml) might be a good option for you:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaml

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyYAML

回答4:

Although, unlike pp.pprint(the_dict), this won't be as pretty, will be run together, str() at least makes a dictionary savable in a simple way for quick tasks:

f.write( str( the_dict ) )

回答5:

You asked

Ill give it a shot. How do I specify what file to dump it to/load it from?

Apart from writing to a string, the json module provides a dump()-method, which writes to a file:

>>> a = {'hello': 'world'}
>>> import json
>>> json.dump(a, file('filename.txt', 'w'))
>>> b = json.load(file('filename.txt'))
>>> b
{u'hello': u'world'}

There is a load() method for reading, too.

回答6:

While I'd suggest pickle, if you want an alternative, you can use klepto.

>>> init = {'y': 2, 'x': 1, 'z': 3}
>>> import klepto
>>> cache = klepto.archives.file_archive('memo', init, serialized=False)
>>> cache        
{'y': 2, 'x': 1, 'z': 3}
>>>
>>> # dump dictionary to the file 'memo.py'
>>> cache.dump() 
>>> 
>>> # import from 'memo.py'
>>> from memo import memo
>>> print memo
{'y': 2, 'x': 1, 'z': 3}

With klepto, if you had used serialized=True, the dictionary would have been written to memo.pkl as a pickled dictionary instead of with clear text.

You can get klepto here: https://github.com/uqfoundation/klepto

dill is probably a better choice for pickling then pickle itself, as dill can serialize almost anything in python. klepto also can use dill.

You can get dill here: https://github.com/uqfoundation/dill