How to set virtualenv for a crontab?

问题:

I want to set up a crontab to run a Python script.

Say the script is something like:

#!/usr/bin/python
print "hello world"

Is there a way I could specify a virtualenv for that Python script to run in? In shell I'd just do:

~$ workon myenv

Is there something equivalent I could do in crontab to activate a virtualenv?

回答1:

If you're using "workon" you're actually using "virtualenv wrapper" which is another layer of abstraction that sits on top of virtualenv. virtualenv alone can be activated by cd'ing to your virtualenv root directory and running:

source bin/activate

workon is a command provided by virtualenv wrapper, not virtualenv, and it does some additional stuff that is not necessarily required for plain virtualenv. All you really need to do is source the bin/activate file in your virtualenv root directory to "activate" a virtualenv.

You can setup your crontab to invoke a bash script which does this:

#! /bin/bash    
cd my/virtual/env/root/dir
source bin/activate

# virtualenv is now active, which means your PATH has been modified.
# Don't try to run python from /usr/bin/python, just run "python" and
# let the PATH figure out which version to run (based on what your
# virtualenv has configured).

python myScript.py

回答2:

Another solution that works well for me...

0    9    *    *    *    /path/to/virtenv/bin/python /path/to/cron_script.py

I prefer using python directly from the virtualenv...

回答3:

With bash, you can create a generic virtual env wrapper that you can use to invoke any command, much like how time can wrapper any command.

virt_env_wrapper.bash:

#!/bin/bash    
source path/to/virtual/env/bin/activate
"$@"

Bash's magical incantation "$@" re-escapes all tokens on the original command line so that if you were to invoke:

virt_env_wrapper.bash python foo.py bar 'baz blap'

foo.py would see a sys.argv of ['bar', 'baz blap']