Animating a “Wobbly Canvas” like in Discord's

问题:

For reference, I'm talking about the dark-gray space in the upper left of Discord's Login Page. For anyone who can't access that link, here's a screenshot:

It has a number of effects that are really cool, the dots and (darker shadows) move with the mouse, but I'm more interested in the "wobbly edge" effect, and to a lesser extent the "fast wobble/scale in" on page load (scaling in the canvas on load would give a similar, if not "cheaper" effect).

Unfortunately, I can't produce much in the way of a MCVE, because I'm not really sure where to start. I tried digging through Discord's assets, but I'm not familiar enough to Webpack to be able to determine what's going on.

Everything I've been able to dig up on "animated wave/wobble" is CSS powered SVG or clip-path borders, I'd like to produce something a bit more organic.

回答1:

Very interesting problem. I've scaled the blob down so it is visible in the preview below.

Here is a codepen as well at a larger size.

const SCALE = 0.25;
const TWO_PI = Math.PI * 2;
const HALF_PI = Math.PI / 2;
const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
const c = canvas.getContext("2d");

canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
document.body.appendChild(canvas);

class Blob {
  constructor() {
    this.wobbleIncrement = 0;
    // use this to change the size of the blob
    this.radius = 500;
    // think of this as detail level
    // number of conections in the `bezierSkin`
    this.segments = 12;
    this.step = HALF_PI / this.segments;
    this.anchors = [];
    this.radii = [];
    this.thetaOff = [];

    const bumpRadius = 100;
    const halfBumpRadius = bumpRadius / 2;

    for (let i = 0; i < this.segments + 2; i++) {
      this.anchors.push(0, 0);
      this.radii.push(Math.random() * bumpRadius - halfBumpRadius);
      this.thetaOff.push(Math.random() * TWO_PI);
    }

    this.theta = 0;
    this.thetaRamp = 0;
    this.thetaRampDest = 12;
    this.rampDamp = 25;
  }
  update() {
    this.thetaRamp += (this.thetaRampDest - this.thetaRamp) / this.rampDamp;
    this.theta += 0.03;

    this.anchors = [0, this.radius];
    for (let i = 0; i <= this.segments + 2; i++) {
      const sine = Math.sin(this.thetaOff[i] + this.theta + this.thetaRamp);
      const rad = this.radius + this.radii[i] * sine;
      const theta = this.step * i;
      const x = rad * Math.sin(theta);
      const y = rad * Math.cos(theta);
      this.anchors.push(x, y);
    }

    c.save();
    c.translate(-10, -10);
    c.scale(SCALE, SCALE);
    c.fillStyle = "blue";
    c.beginPath();
    c.moveTo(0, 0);
    bezierSkin(this.anchors, false);
    c.lineTo(0, 0);
    c.fill();
    c.restore();
  }
}

const blob = new Blob();

function loop() {
  c.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  blob.update();
  window.requestAnimationFrame(loop);
}
loop();

// array of xy coords, closed boolean
function bezierSkin(bez, closed = true) {
  const avg = calcAvgs(bez);
  const leng = bez.length;

  if (closed) {
    c.moveTo(avg[0], avg[1]);
    for (let i = 2; i < leng; i += 2) {
      let n = i + 1;
      c.quadraticCurveTo(bez[i], bez[n], avg[i], avg[n]);
    }
    c.quadraticCurveTo(bez[0], bez[1], avg[0], avg[1]);
  } else {
    c.moveTo(bez[0], bez[1]);
    c.lineTo(avg[0], avg[1]);
    for (let i = 2; i < leng - 2; i += 2) {
      let n = i + 1;
      c.quadraticCurveTo(bez[i], bez[n], avg[i], avg[n]);
    }
    c.lineTo(bez[leng - 2], bez[leng - 1]);
  }
}

// create anchor points by averaging the control points
function calcAvgs(p) {
  const avg = [];
  const leng = p.length;
  let prev;

  for (let i = 2; i < leng; i++) {
    prev = i - 2;
    avg.push((p[prev] + p[i]) / 2);
  }
  // close
  avg.push((p[0] + p[leng - 2]) / 2, (p[1] + p[leng - 1]) / 2);
  return avg;
}

There are lots of things going on here. In order to create this effect you need a good working knowledge of how quadratic bezier curves are defined. Once you have that, there is an old trick that I've used many many times over the years. To generate smooth linked quadratic bezier curves, define a list of points and calculate their averages. Then use the points as control points and the new averaged points as anchor points. See the bezierSkin and calcAvgs functions.

With the ability to draw smooth bezier curves, the rest is about positioning the points in an arc and then animating them. For this we use a little math:

x = radius * sin(theta)
y = radius * cos(theta)

That converts polar to cartesian coordinates. Where theta is the angle on the circumference of a circle [0 - 2pi].

As for the animation, there is a good deal more going on here - I'll see if I have some more time this weekend to update the answer with more details and info, but hopefully this will be helpful.

回答2:

The animation runs on a canvas and it is a simple bezier curve animation.

For organic feel, you should look at perlin noise, that was introduced when developing original Tron video FX.

You can find a good guide to understand perlin noise here.

In the example I've used https://github.com/josephg/noisejs

var c = $('canvas').get(0).getContext('2d');
var simplex = new SimplexNoise();
var t = 0;

function init() {
	window.requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}

function draw() {
c.clearRect(0, 0, 600, 300);
c.strokeStyle="blue"; 
c.moveTo(100,100);
c.lineTo(300,100);
c.stroke();                

// Draw a Bézier curve by using the same line cooridinates.
c.beginPath();              
c.lineWidth="3";
c.strokeStyle="black"; 
c.moveTo(100,100);
c.bezierCurveTo((simplex.noise2D(t,t)+1)*200,(simplex.noise2D(t,t)+1)*200,(simplex.noise2D(t,t)+1)*200,0,300,100);
c.stroke();

// draw reference points
c.fillRect(100-5,100-5,10,10);
c.fillRect(200-5,200-5,10,10);
c.fillRect(200-5,0-5,10,10);
c.fillRect(300-5,100-5,10,10);
t+=0.001;
window.requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}

init();

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/simplex-noise/2.4.0/simplex-noise.js"></script>
<canvas width="600" height="300"></canvas>

Note: further investigation on Discord source code, I've pointed out that's is using https://www.npm.red/~epistemex libraries. Epistemex NPM packages are still online, while GitHub repos and profile does not exists anymore.

Note 2: Another approach could be relying on physics libraries like this demo, but it can be an overkill, if you just need a single effect.