Use tryCatch skip to next value of loop upon error

问题:

I've read a few other SO questions about tryCatch and cuzzins, as well as the documentation:

• Exception handling in R
• catching an error and then branching logic
• How can I check whether a function call results in a warning?
• Problems with Plots in Loop

but I still don't understand.

I'm running a loop and want to skip to next if any of a few kinds of errors occur:

for (i in 1:39487) {

  # EXCEPTION HANDLING
  this.could.go.wrong <- tryCatch(
                           attemptsomething(),
                           error=function(e) next
                         )
  so.could.this <- tryCatch(
                     doesthisfail(),
                     error=function(e) next
                   )

  catch.all.errors <- function() { this.could.go.wrong; so.could.this; }
  catch.all.errors;


  #REAL WORK
  useful(i); fun(i); good(i);

  }  #end for

(by the way, there is no documentation for next that I can find)

When I run this, R honks:

Error in value[[3L]](cond) : no loop for break/next, jumping to top level

What basic point am I missing here? The tryCatch's are clearly within the for loop, so why doesn't R know that?

回答1:

The key to using tryCatch is realising that it returns an object. If there was an error inside the tryCatch then this object will inherit from class error. You can test for class inheritance with the function inherit.

x <- tryCatch(stop("Error"), error = function(e) e)
class(x)
"simpleError" "error"       "condition"  

Edit:

What is the meaning of the argument error = function(e) e? This baffled me, and I don't think it's well explained in the documentation. What happens is that this argument catches any error messages that originate in the expression that you are tryCatching. If an error is caught, it gets returned as the value of tryCatch. In the help documentation this is described as a calling handler. The argument e inside error=function(e) is the error message originating in your code.

---

I come from the old school of procedural programming where using next was a bad thing. So I would rewrite your code something like this. (Note that I removed the next statement inside the tryCatch.):

for (i in 1:39487) {
  #ERROR HANDLING
  possibleError <- tryCatch(
      thing(),
      error=function(e) e
  )

  if(!inherits(possibleError, "error")){
    #REAL WORK
    useful(i); fun(i); good(i);
  }

}  #end for

---

The function next is documented inside ?for`.

If you want to use that instead of having your main working routine inside an if, your code should look something like this:

for (i in 1:39487) {
  #ERROR HANDLING
  possibleError <- tryCatch(
      thing(),
      error=function(e) e
  )

  if(inherits(possibleError, "error")) next

  #REAL WORK
  useful(i); fun(i); good(i);

}  #end for

回答2:

rm(list=ls())
for (i in -3:3) {
  #ERROR HANDLING
  possibleError <- tryCatch({
    print(paste("Start Loop ", i ,sep=""))
    if(i==0){
      stop()
    }
  }
    ,
    error=function(e) {
      e
      print(paste("Oops! --> Error in Loop ",i,sep = ""))
    }
  )

  if(inherits(possibleError, "error")) next

  print(paste("  End Loop ",i,sep = ""))

}

回答3:

The only really detailed explanation I have seen can be found here: http://mazamascience.com/WorkingWithData/?p=912

Here is a code clip from that blog post showing how tryCatch works

#!/usr/bin/env Rscript
# tryCatch.r -- experiments with tryCatch

# Get any arguments
arguments <- commandArgs(trailingOnly=TRUE)
a <- arguments[1]

# Define a division function that can issue warnings and errors
myDivide <- function(d, a) {
  if (a == 'warning') {
    return_value <- 'myDivide warning result'
    warning("myDivide warning message")
  } else if (a == 'error') {
    return_value <- 'myDivide error result'
    stop("myDivide error message")
  } else {
    return_value = d / as.numeric(a)
  }
  return(return_value)
}

# Evalute the desired series of expressions inside of tryCatch
result <- tryCatch({

  b <- 2
  c <- b^2
  d <- c+2
  if (a == 'suppress-warnings') {
    e <- suppressWarnings(myDivide(d,a))
  } else {
    e <- myDivide(d,a) # 6/a
  }
  f <- e + 100

}, warning = function(war) {

  # warning handler picks up where error was generated
  print(paste("MY_WARNING:  ",war))
  b <- "changing 'b' inside the warning handler has no effect"
  e <- myDivide(d,0.1) # =60
  f <- e + 100
  return(f)

}, error = function(err) {

  # warning handler picks up where error was generated
  print(paste("MY_ERROR:  ",err))
  b <- "changing 'b' inside the error handler has no effect"
  e <- myDivide(d,0.01) # =600
  f <- e + 100
  return(f)

}, finally = {

  print(paste("a =",a))
  print(paste("b =",b))
  print(paste("c =",c))
  print(paste("d =",d))
  # NOTE:  Finally is evaluated in the context of of the inital
  # NOTE:  tryCatch block and 'e' will not exist if a warning
  # NOTE:  or error occurred.
  #print(paste("e =",e))

}) # END tryCatch

print(paste("result =",result))

回答4:

One thing I was missing, which breaking out of for loop when running a function inside a for loop in R makes clear, is this:

• next doesn't work inside a function.
• You need to send some signal or flag (e.g., Voldemort = TRUE) from inside your function (in my case tryCatch) to the outside.
• (this is like modifying a global, public variable inside a local, private function)
• Then outside the function, you check to see if the flag was waved (does Voldemort == TRUE). If so you call break or next outside the function.