How to extend custom JavaFX components that use FX

问题:

How do I properly extend a custom JavaFX component to add or modify its GUI components if it uses FXML for the view?

As an example scenario, suppose I use the following approach of creating a custom JavaFX component:

SpecializedButton.java (Controller)

package test;

import java.io.IOException;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;

public class SpecializedButton extends HBox
{
    @FXML private Button button;
    @FXML private Label label;

    public SpecializedButton() 
    {
        FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader( getClass().getResource( "SpecializedButton.fxml" ) );

        loader.setRoot( this );
        loader.setController( this );

        try {
            loader.load();
        } catch ( IOException e ) {
            throw new RuntimeException( e );
        }
    }

    // specialized methods for this specialized button
    // ...
    public void doSomething() {
        button.setText( "Did something!" );
    }
}

SpecializedButton.fxml (View)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import java.lang.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>

<fx:root type="HBox" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1">
   <children>
      <AnchorPane HBox.hgrow="ALWAYS">
         <children>
            <Label fx:id="label" text="Click to do something: " AnchorPane.bottomAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.leftAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.topAnchor="0.0" />
         </children>
      </AnchorPane>
      <AnchorPane HBox.hgrow="ALWAYS">
         <children>
            <Button fx:id="button" onAction="#doSomething" AnchorPane.bottomAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.leftAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.topAnchor="0.0" />
         </children>
      </AnchorPane>
   </children>
</fx:root>

MyApp.java

package test;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class MyApp extends Application
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        launch( args );
    }

    public void start( Stage stage ) throws Exception
    {
        stage.setScene( new Scene( new SpecializedButton(), 300, 50 ) );
        stage.show();
    }
}

The SpecializedButton class loads the FXML view (SpecializedButton.fxml) and acts as the controller for it.

The SpecializedButton FXML view just creates an HBox with two AnchorPanes and a Label and Button in the left and right sides, respectively. When the button is clicked, it calls doSomething() in the SpecializedButton controller class.

---

Problem

With this setup, I am using FXML to separate the view from the application logic.

However, if I want to create a new HighlySpecializedButton class that extends SpecializedButton, I don't know how to go about "extending" the view as well.

If I wanted to use the SpecializedButton view, but modify it for the HighlySpecializedButton, I'd have to copy the view code into a new FXML file, resulting in duplicate code instead of proper inheritance.

If I wasn't using FXML, and was creating the GUI components within a Java class instead, extending that class would give me the ability to properly inherit and add/modify the components from the super class.

I am clearly misunderstanding some very important concepts about JavaFX.

---

Question

Are FXML views in this case so "dumb" that I'd have to create an entirely new FXML view every time I wanted to inherit from a custom component?

Or, if I am misunderstanding the real issue, what is the proper way of creating extendable custom JavaFX components, with or without FXML?

I'd greatly appreciate any insight. Thanks in advance!

回答1:

From what I understand, you want to be able to extend existing components and avoid copy & pasting the entire markup for the new component.

You can define an extension point for the component with the @DefaultProperty annotation. Look at e.x. javafx.scene.layout.Pane: There is a ObservableList getChildren() defined with @DefaultProperty("children"). In this way, when you use e.x an HBox (extends Pane) as the root element for your component, all child components are added to the children property defined by the Pane.

In the same way you can define extension points in FXML:

SpecializedButton.fxml (I simplified it a little for this example)

<fx:root type="HBox">
  <HBox>
    <Label fx:id="label" text="Click to do something: " />
    <HBox fx:id="extension"></HBox>
  </HBox>

  <HBox>
    <Button fx:id="button" onAction="#doSomething"/>
  </HBox>
</fx:root>

The HBox fx:id="extension" will be my extension point:

@DefaultProperty(value = "extension")
public class SpecializedButton extends HBox
{
    @FXML private HBox extension;

    public ObservableList<Node> getExtension() {
        return extension.getChildren();
    }
    // ... more component specific code
}

SuperSpecializedButton.fxml

<fx:root type="SpecializedButton">
  <Label text="EXTENDED HALLO"/>
</fx:root>

And:

public class SuperSpecializedButton extends SpecializedButton
{
    // ... more component specific code
}

As you can see, I need only to define fxml for the super-specialized component.

This code will work only on JavaFX >= 2.1. Beforehand the component injection for the super class didn't worked with the FXMLLoader.

I added an working example on github: https://github.com/matrak/javafx-extend-fxml

回答2:

I haven't done that before, but you could implement the Initializable interface to setup the view component when you instantiate a new custom component.

To add new component(labels, buttons, img, etc...) I would wrap all the children component on the view file, within an AnchorPane, GridPane, VBox or the one you prefer to add more components programmatically. Since you are extending your class from HBox you could do this already.

Here's what I would do:

public class SpecializedButton extends HBox implements Initializable{

@FXML private Button button;
@FXML private Label label;

public SpecializedButton(){
    FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader( getClass().getResource( "SpecializedButton.fxml" ) );

    loader.setRoot( this );
    loader.setController( this );

    try {
        loader.load();
    } catch ( IOException e ) {
        throw new RuntimeException( e );
    }
}

// specialized methods for this specialized button
// ...
public void doSomething() {
    button.setText( "Did something!" );
}

@Override
public void initialize(URL url, ResourceBundle rb) {
    button.setText("Initialized Text");
}  
}

So for the HighlySpecializedButton class:

public class HighlySpecializedButton extends SpecializedButton {



public HighlySpecializedButton (){
    super();
}

// HighlySpecializedButton methods


@Override
public void initialize(URL url, ResourceBundle rb) {
    this.getChildren().add(new Button("New Button"));

}  
}

Hope this could help you