Unit Testing/mocking Window properties in Angular2

问题:

I'm building some unit tests for a service in Angular2.

Within my Service I have the following code:

var hash: string; hash = this.window.location.hash;

However when I run a test which contains this code, it will fail.

It'd be great to utilise all the features of Window, but as I'm using PhantomJs, I don't think this is possible (I have also tried Chrome which yields the same results).

In AngularJs, I would have resorted to mocking $Window (or at least the properties in question), but as there is not a lot of documentation for Angular2 unit testing I'm not sure how to do this.

Can anyone help?

回答1:

In Angular 2 you can use the @Inject() function to inject the window object by naming it using a string token, like this

  constructor( @Inject('Window') private window: Window) { }

In the @NgModule you must then provide it using the same string:

@NgModule({
    declarations: [ ... ],
    imports: [ ... ],
    providers: [ { provide: 'Window', useValue: window } ],
})
export class AppModule {
}

Then you can also mock it using the token string

beforeEach(() => {
  let windowMock: Window = <any>{ };
  TestBed.configureTestingModule({
    providers: [
      ApiUriService,
      { provide: 'Window', useFactory: (() => { return windowMock; }) }
    ]
  });

This worked in Angular 2.1.1, the latest as of 2016-10-28.

Does not work with Angular 4.0.0 AOT. https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/15640

回答2:

As @estus mentioned in the comment, you'd be better getting the hash from the Router. But to answer your question directly, you need to inject window into the place you're using it, so that during testing you can mock it.

First, register window with the angular2 provider - probably somewhere global if you use this all over the place:

import { provide } from '@angular/core';
provide(Window, { useValue: window });

This tells angular when the dependency injection asks for the type Window, it should return the global window.

Now, in the place you're using it, you inject this into your class instead of using the global directly:

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({ ... })
export default class MyCoolComponent {
    constructor (
        window: Window
    ) {}

    public myCoolFunction () {
        let hash: string;
        hash = this.window.location.hash;
    }
}

Now you're ready to mock that value in your test.

import {
    beforeEach,
    beforeEachProviders,
    describe,
    expect,
    it,
    inject,
    injectAsync
} from 'angular2/testing';

let myMockWindow: Window;
beforeEachProviders(() => [
    //Probably mock your thing a bit better than this..
    myMockWindow = <any> { location: <any> { hash: 'WAOW-MOCK-HASH' }};
    provide(Window, {useValue: myMockWindow})
]);

it('should do the things', () => {
    let mockHash = myMockWindow.location.hash;
    //...
});

回答3:

After RC4 method provide() its depracated, so the way to handle this after RC4 is:

  let myMockWindow: Window;

  beforeEach(() => {
    myMockWindow = <any> { location: <any> {hash: 'WAOW-MOCK-HASH'}};
    addProviders([SomeService, {provide: Window, useValue: myMockWindow}]);
  });

It take me a while to figure it out, how it works.