typescript declare third party modules

问题:

How could I declare a third party module which looks like this:

in third party module:

module.exports = function foo(){
  // do somthing
}

in my code:

import * as foo from 'foo-module'; // Can not find a declaration module for ...
foo();

回答1:

Check out the documentation on working with 3rd party modules.

How to write the declaration depends a lot on how the module was written and what it exports.

The example you've given is a CommonJS module (module.exports = ...) which is not really a valid ES6 module, because ES6 cannot export a function as the module (it can only export function members or a default function).

Update for TypeScript 2.7+

With the added esModuleInterop compiler option you no longer need to use the "namespace hack" shown below for CommonJS modules that have a non-ES6 compatible export.

First, make sure you've enabled esModuleInterop in your tsconfig.json (which is now included by default with tsc --init):

{
  "compilerOptions" {
    ...
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    ...
   }
}

Declare your foo-example in a .d.ts file like this:

declare module "foo-module" {
  function foo(): void; 
  export = foo;
}

Now you can import it as a namespace like you wanted:

import * as foo from "foo-module";
foo();

Or as a default import:

import foo from "foo-module";
foo();

Older workaround

You can declare your foo-example in a .d.ts file like this:

declare module "foo-module" {
  function foo(): void; 
  namespace foo { } // This is a hack to allow ES6 wildcard imports
  export = foo;
}

And import like you wanted:

import * as foo from "foo-module";
foo();

Or like this:

import foo = require("foo-module");
foo();

---

The documentation has a good resource on declaration files and some templates for various kinds of declaration files.

回答2:

You declare that function:

Declare var foo: any;

This will tell Typescript that somewhere you have a function called foo which you will make sure of get injected on the site.

回答3:

I had a similar problem. And struggled to add type definition to my project. Finally I made it thought.

This is some module (just with constants), lets call it some-module - node_modules/some-module/index.js.

'use strict';

exports.__esModule = true;
var APPS = exports.APPS = {
    ona: 'ona',
    tacq: 'tacq',
    inetAcq: 'inetAcq'
};

First I add to tsconfig.json baseUrl and typeRoots

{
  ...
  "compilerOptions": {
    ...
    "baseUrl": "types",
    "typeRoots": ["types"]
  }
  ...
}

Second in my project root I create folder types with same folders structure for the module types/some-module/index.js and place the code:

declare module 'some-module' {
    type Apps =  {
        ona: string;
        tacq: string;
        inetAcq: string;
    };
    let APPS: Apps
}

Finally I can import it in my my-file.ts with typings!

import { APPS } from 'some-module';