How to handle exceptions thrown by Tasks in xUnit

问题:

The following asynchronous xUnit.net test with a lambda marked with the async modifier fails by reporting that no exception was thrown:

    [Theory, AutoWebData]
    public async Task SearchWithNullQueryThrows(
        SearchService sut,
        CancellationToken dummyToken)
    {
        // Fixture setup
        // Exercise system and verify outcome
        Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(async () =>
            await sut.SearchAsync(null, dummyToken));
        // Teardown
    }

To make sure that an ArgumentNullException is actually thrown I explicitly used a try-catch block. It worked, however the resulting code is not clean (compared to the first test):

[Theory, AutoWebData]
public async Task SearchWithNullQueryThrows(
    SearchService sut,
    CancellationToken dummyToken)
{
    // Fixture setup
    var expected = typeof(ArgumentNullException);
    Type actual = null;
    // Exercise system
    try
    {
        await sut.SearchAsync(null, dummyToken);
    }
    catch (ArgumentNullException e)
    {
        actual = e.GetType();
    }
    // Verify outcome
    Assert.Equal(expected, actual);
    // Teardown
}

Why the Assert.Throws<T> with the lambda marked with the async modifier fails?

回答1:

Update

This has been solved in xUnit 2, with the addition of Assert.ThrowsAsync.

---

I am suspecting that Assert.Throws is not async-aware. I recommend raising this issue with the xUnit team, suggesting a ThrowsAsync be added.

An async delegate in this case is returning Task or Task<T>, and the ArgumentNullException is not thrown out of the delegate directly; instead, it is placed on the Task (Task.Exception.InnerException). Assert.Throws is expecting the exception to be thrown out of the delegate directly, not placed on a property of the return value.

You can create your own AssertEx.ThrowsAsync as such:

public static async Task ThrowsAsync<TException>(Func<Task> func)
{
  var expected = typeof(TException);
  Type actual = null;
  try
  {
    await func();
  }
  catch (Exception e)
  {
    actual = e.GetType();
  }
  Assert.Equal(expected, actual);
}

which can be used as such:

[Theory, AutoWebData]
public async Task SearchWithNullQueryThrows(
    SearchService sut,
    CancellationToken dummyToken)
{
    // Fixture setup
    // Exercise system and verify outcome
    await AssertEx.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentNullException>(async () =>
        await sut.SearchAsync(null, dummyToken));
    // Teardown
}

I use a similar approach in MSTest.

回答2:

If you also need to return the exception to verify it then this might be useful:

public static async Task<Exception> AssertThrowsAsync<TException>(Func<Task> func)
    {
        var expected = typeof (TException);
        Exception exception = null;
        Type actual = null;
        try
        {
            await func();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            actual = e.GetType();
            exception = e;
        }
        Assert.NotNull(exception);
        Assert.Equal(expected, actual);
        return exception;
    }