Creating MongoDB Unique Key with C#

问题:

I am fighting to create a unique field EmailAddress. I've already seen in forums that I have to create an index, but it didn't work out for me so far. Does anyone have a code example? Do I have to create the index on every save/call, or is it enough to create it only once?

I tried this code:

DB.GetCollection<User>(Dbname)
    .EnsureIndex(new IndexKeysBuilder()
        .Ascending("EmailAddress"), IndexOptions.SetUnique(true));

DB.GetCollection<User>(Dbname).Save(user, SafeMode.True);

My User model looks like this:

public class User
{
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Email Required")]
    public string EmailAddress { get; set; }

    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }

    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

回答1:

The unique index only needs to be created once, after that any document inserts that contain a duplicate email address will fail. Here's an example:

var server = MongoServer.Create("mongodb://localhost");
var db = server.GetDatabase("myapp");

var users = db.GetCollection<User>("users");

users.EnsureIndex(new IndexKeysBuilder()
    .Ascending("EmailAddress"), IndexOptions.SetUnique(true));

var user1 = new User { EmailAddress = "[e-mail]" };
var user2 = new User { EmailAddress = "[e-mail]" };

try
{
    users.Save(user1, WriteConcern.Acknowledged);
    users.Save(user2, WriteConcern.Acknowledged);  // <-- throws MongoSafeModeException
}
catch (MongoSafeModeException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}

回答2:

EnsureIndex() is deprecated/obsolete per the C# mongo drivers version 2.0 spec: http://api.mongodb.org/csharp/current/html/M_MongoDB_Driver_MongoCollection_EnsureIndex_2.htm

heres how to do it async and via 2.0 code:

var mongoClient = new MongoClient("connection");
var db = mongoClient.GetDatabase("database");

var options = new CreateIndexOptions() { Unique = true };
var field = new StringFieldDefinition<User>("EmailAddress");
var indexDefinition = new IndexKeysDefinitionBuilder<User>().Ascending(field);
await db.GetCollection<Users>("users").Indexes.CreateOneAsync(indexDefinition, options);

In case of a non-string index:

   var options = new CreateIndexOptions() { Unique = true };
   IndexKeysDefinition<Foo> keyCode = "{ Code: 1 }";
   var codeIndexModel = new CreateIndexModel<Foo>(keyCode, options);

回答3:

Your code looks right. Here's a full running program for you to compare against:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using MongoDB.Bson;
using MongoDB.Driver;
using MongoDB.Driver.Builders;

namespace TestEnsureIndexOnEmailAddress {
    public class User {
        public ObjectId Id;
        public string FirstName;
        public string LastName;
        public string EmailAddress;
    }

    public static class Program {
        public static void Main(string[] args) {
            var server = MongoServer.Create("mongodb://localhost/?safe=true");
            var database = server["test"];
            var users = database.GetCollection<User>("users");
            if (users.Exists()) { users.Drop(); }

            users.EnsureIndex(IndexKeys.Ascending("EmailAddress"), IndexOptions.SetUnique(true));
            var john = new User { FirstName = "John", LastName = "Smith", EmailAddress = "[e-mail]" };
            users.Insert(john);
            var joe = new User { FirstName = "Joe", LastName = "Smith", EmailAddress = "[e-mail]" };
            users.Insert(joe); // should throw exception
        }
    }
}

You can also use the mongo shell to confirm that the index got created:

> db.users.getIndexes()
[
        {
                "name" : "_id_",
                "ns" : "test.users",
                "key" : {
                        "_id" : 1
                },
                "v" : 0
        },
        {
                "_id" : ObjectId("4de8152ee447ad2550e3b5fd"),
                "name" : "EmailAddress_1",
                "ns" : "test.users",
                "key" : {
                        "EmailAddress" : 1
                },
                "unique" : true,
                "v" : 0
        }
]
>

回答4:

As of 2.8 below is the way to create a index.Please note last two lines. CreateOneAsync(indexDefinition, options) is obsolete.

var mongoClient = new MongoClient("connection");
var db = mongoClient.GetDatabase("database");

var options = new CreateIndexOptions() { Unique = true };
var field = new StringFieldDefinition<User>("EmailAddress");
var indexDefinition = new IndexKeysDefinitionBuilder<User>().Ascending(field);

var indexModel = new CreateIndexModel<User>(indexDefinition,options);
await db.GetCollection<Users>("users").Indexes.CreateOneAsync(indexModel);

回答5:

here's a working program using MongoDB.Entities (disclaimer: I'm the author)

using System;
using MongoDB.Driver;
using MongoDB.Entities;

namespace StackOverflow
{
    public class User : Entity
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            new DB("test");

            DB.Index<User>()
              .Options(o => o.Unique = true, o => o.Background = false)
              .Key(u => u.EmailAddress, Type.Ascending)
              .Create();

            var user1 = new User { Name = "First User", EmailAddress = "[e-mail]" };
            user1.Save();

            try
            {
                var user2 = new User { Name = "Second User", EmailAddress = "[e-mail]" };
                user2.Save();
            }
            catch (MongoWriteException x)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(x.Message);
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }
}

trying to create a second user with the same email address results in the following exception:

A write operation resulted in an error. E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.User index: EmailAddress(Asc) dup key: { : "[e-mail]" }