Tkinter animation will not work

问题:

I am trying to display the animation from my gif image. From my previous question, I discovered that Tkinter doesn't animate images automatically. My Tk interface shows the first frame of the image, and when I click the button to play its animation, it does nothing. It's likely something to do with the command associated with the button. Here's the code:

from Tkinter import *
import Tkinter

root = Tk()

photo_path = "/users/zinedine/downloads/091.gif"
photo = PhotoImage(
    file = photo_path
    )

def run():
    frame = 1
    while True:
        try:
            photo = PhotoImage(
                file = photo_path,
                format = "gif - {}".format(frame)
                )
            frame = frame + 1

        except Exception: # This because I don't know what exception it would raise
            frame = 1
            break

picture = Label(image = photo)
picture.pack()
picture.configure(run())

animate = Button(
    root,
    text = "animate",
    command = run()
    )
animate.pack()

root.geometry("250x250+100+100")
root.mainloop()

回答1:

You can use the universal Tk widget after() method to schedule a function to run after a specified delay given in milliseconds. This only happens once, so typically the function itself also calls after() to perpetuate the process.

In the code below a custom AnimatedGif container class is defined which loads and holds all the frames of animated sequence separately in a list which allows quick (random) access to them using [] indexing syntax. It reads individual frames from the file using the -index indexvalue image format suboption mentioned on the photo Tk manual page.

I got the test image shown below from the Animation Library website.

Here's how things should look when it's initially started.

You should be able use the same technique to animate multiple images or those that are attached to other kinds of widgets, such as Button and Canvas instances.

try:
    from tkinter import *
except ImportError:
    from Tkinter import *  # Python 2


class AnimatedGif(object):
    """ Animated GIF Image Container. """
    def __init__(self, image_file_path):
        # Read in all the frames of a multi-frame gif image.
        self._frames = []

        frame_num = 0  # Number of next frame to read.
        while True:
            try:
                frame = PhotoImage(file=image_file_path,
                                   format="gif -index {}".format(frame_num))
            except TclError:
                break
            self._frames.append(frame)
            frame_num += 1

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._frames)

    def __getitem__(self, frame_num):
        return self._frames[frame_num]


def update_label_image(label, ani_img, ms_delay, frame_num):
    global cancel_id
    label.configure(image=ani_img[frame_num])
    frame_num = (frame_num+1) % len(ani_img)
    cancel_id = root.after(
        ms_delay, update_label_image, label, ani_img, ms_delay, frame_num)

def enable_animation():
    global cancel_id
    if cancel_id is None:  # Animation not started?
        ms_delay = 1000 // len(ani_img)  # Show all frames in 1000 ms.
        cancel_id = root.after(
            ms_delay, update_label_image, animation, ani_img, ms_delay, 0)

def cancel_animation():
    global cancel_id
    if cancel_id is not None:  # Animation started?
        root.after_cancel(cancel_id)
        cancel_id = None


root = Tk()
root.title("Animation Demo")
root.geometry("250x125+100+100")
ani_img = AnimatedGif("small_globe.gif")
cancel_id = None

animation = Label(image=ani_img[0])  # Display first frame initially.
animation.pack()
Button(root, text="start animation", command=enable_animation).pack()
Button(root, text="stop animation", command=cancel_animation).pack()
Button(root, text="exit", command=root.quit).pack()

root.mainloop()

回答2:

Here's an alternative version of my previous answer. Although also based on the universal Tk widget after() method, it uses the PIL (or the pillow fork of it) module to read the gif image file. With PIL it's not only easy to extract each frame from the file, but also to get the delay (or "duration") between frames of the animation directly from the gif file — which eliminates guessing what it should be for different files.

try:
    from tkinter import *
except ImportError:
    from Tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageSequence, ImageTk


class AnimatedGif(object):
    """ Animated GIF Image Container. """
    def __init__(self, image_file_path):
        # Read in all the frames of a multi-frame gif image.
        self._frames = []
        img = Image.open(image_file_path)
        for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(img):
            photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(frame)
            photo.delay = frame.info['duration'] * 10  # Add attribute.
            self._frames.append(photo)

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._frames)

    def __getitem__(self, frame_num):
        return self._frames[frame_num]


def update_label_image(label, ani_img, frame_num):
    """ Change label image to given frame number of AnimatedGif. """
    global cancel_id
    frame = ani_img[frame_num]
    label.configure(image=frame)
    frame_num = (frame_num+1) % len(ani_img)  # Next frame number.
    cancel_id = root.after(frame.delay, update_label_image, label, ani_img, frame_num)

def enable_animation():
    """ Start animation of label image. """
    global cancel_id
    if cancel_id is None:  # Animation not started?
        cancel_id = root.after(ani_img[0].delay, update_label_image, animation, ani_img, 0)

def cancel_animation():
    """ Stop animation of label image. """
    global cancel_id
    if cancel_id is not None:  # Animation started?
        root.after_cancel(cancel_id)
        cancel_id = None


root = Tk()
root.title("Animation Demo")
root.geometry("250x125+100+100")
ani_img = AnimatedGif("small_globe.gif")
cancel_id = None

animation = Label(image=ani_img[0])  # Display first frame initially.
animation.pack()
Button(root, text="start animation", command=enable_animation).pack()
Button(root, text="stop animation", command=cancel_animation).pack()
Button(root, text="exit", command=root.quit).pack()

root.mainloop()