How can I test jinja2 templates in ansible?

问题:

Sometimes I need to test some jinja2 templates that I use in my ansible roles. What is the simplest way for doing this?

For example, I have a template (test.j2):

{% if users is defined and users %}
{% for user in users %}{{ user }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}

and vars (in group_vars/all):

---
users:
  - Mike
  - Smith
  - Klara
  - Alex

回答1:

At this time exists 4 different variants:

1_Online (using https://cryptic-cliffs-32040.herokuapp.com/)
Based on jinja2-live-parser code.

2_Interactive (using python and library jinja2, PyYaml)

import yaml
from jinja2 import Template
>>> template = Template("""
... {% if users is defined and users %}
... {% for user in users %}{{ user }}
... {% endfor %}
... {% endif %}
... """)
>>> values = yaml.load("""
... ---
... users:
...   - Mike
...   - Smith
...   - Klara
...   - Alex
... """)
>>> print "{}".format(template.render(values))


Mike
Smith
Klara
Alex

3_Ansible (using --check)
Create test playbook jinja2test.yml:

---
- hosts: 127.0.0.1
  tasks:
  - name: Test jinja2template
    template: src=test.j2 dest=test.conf

and run it:

ansible-playbook jinja2test.yml --check --diff --connection=local

sample output:

PLAY [127.0.0.1] **************************************************************

GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************

ok: [127.0.0.1]

TASK: [Test jinja2template] ***************************************************
--- before: test.conf
+++ after: /Users/user/ansible/test.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Mike
+Smith
+Klara
+Alex

changed: [127.0.0.1]

PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
127.0.0.1                  : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0

4_Ansible (using -m template) thanks for @artburkart

Make a file called test.txt.j2

{% if users is defined and users %}
{% for user in users %}
{{ user }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}

Call ansible like so:

ansible all -i "localhost," -c local -m template -a "src=test.txt.j2 dest=./test.txt" --extra-vars='{"users": ["Mike", "Smith", "Klara", "Alex"]}'

It will output a file called test.txt in the current directory, which will contain the output of the evaluated test.txt.j2 template.

I understand this doesn't directly use a vars file, but I think it's the simplest way to test a template without using any external dependencies. Also, I believe there are some differences between what the jinja2 library provides and what ansible provides, so using ansible directly circumvents any discrepancies. When the JSON that is fed to --extra-vars satisfies your needs, you can convert it to YAML and be on your way.

回答2:

If you have a jinja2 template called test.j2 and a vars file located at group_vars/all.yml, then you can test the template with the following command:

ansible all -i localhost, -c local -m template -a "src=test.j2 dest=./test.txt" --extra-vars=@group_vars/all.yml

It will output a file called test.txt in the current directory, which will contain the output of the evaluated test.j2 template.

I think this is the simplest way to test a template without using any external dependencies. Also, there are differences between what the jinja2 library provides and what ansible provides, so using ansible directly circumvents any discrepancies. It's also possible to test ad-hoc variables without making an additional vars file by using JSON:

ansible all -i "localhost," -c local -m template -a "src=test.j2 dest=./test.txt" --extra-vars='{"users": ["Mike", "Smith", "Klara", "Alex"]}'

回答3:

You can use the debug module

tasks: 
- name: show templating results
  debug:
   msg: "{{ lookup('template', 'template-test.j2') }}"