How to use enumerated constants after calling of s

问题:

Here are the source code of my testing program of enumerated types:

    Z3_symbol enum_names[3];
    Z3_func_decl enum_consts[3];
    Z3_func_decl enum_testers[3];
    enum_names[0]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"a");
    enum_names[1]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"b");
    enum_names[3]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"c");
    Z3_symbol enum_nm = Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"enumT");
    Z3_sort s = Z3_mk_enumeration_sort(z3_cont, enum_nm, 3, enum_names, enum_consts, enum_testers);
    z3::sort ss(z3_cont,s);
    z3::expr a = z3::expr(z3_cont,Z3_mk_app(z3_cont,enum_consts[0],0,0));
    z3::expr b = z3::expr(z3_cont,Z3_mk_app(z3_cont,enum_consts[1],0,0));
    z3::expr x =       z3::expr(z3_cont,Z3_mk_const(z3_cont,Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"x"),s));
    z3::expr test = (x==a)&&(x==b);
    cout<<"1:"<<test<<endl;

    printf("%s\n", Z3_func_decl_to_string(z3_cont, enum_consts[0]));
    printf("%s\n", Z3_func_decl_to_string(z3_cont, enum_consts[1]));
    printf("%s\n", Z3_func_decl_to_string(z3_cont, enum_consts[2]));

    z3::tactic qe(z3_cont,"ctx-solver-simplify");
    z3::goal g(z3_cont);
    g.add(test);
    z3::expr res(z3_cont);
    z3::apply_result result_of_elimination = qe.apply(g);
    if ( result_of_elimination.size() == 1){
         z3::goal result_formula = result_of_elimination[0];
         res =  result_formula.operator[](0);
         for (int i = 1; i < result_formula.size(); ++i){
                  res = res && result_formula.operator[](i);
         }
    }
    cout<<"2:"<<res<<endl;

    printf("%s\n", Z3_func_decl_to_string(z3_cont, enum_consts[0]));
    printf("%s\n", Z3_func_decl_to_string(z3_cont, enum_consts[1]));
    printf("%s\n", Z3_func_decl_to_string(z3_cont, enum_consts[2]));

Screen output is the following: 1:(and (= x a) (= x b))

(declare-fun a () enumT)

(declare-fun b () enumT)

(declare-fun x () enumT) Here I have expected "c", Why "x"?

2:false

(declare-fun a () enumT)

(declare-fun bv () (_ BitVec 1)) Why not "b"?

(declare-fun x () enumT)

The main question is how I should use enumerated constants in my program after calling some tactics?

enum_consts structures are broken, Z3_mk_app(z3_cont,Z3_mk_func_decl(z3_cont,Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"a"),0,0,s),0,0) doesn't work.

回答1:

As pointed by Nikolaj, you have a typo. More importantly, you are misusing the C/C++ APIs. It is possible to use both APIs simultaneously. However, when using the C API, we have to increment the reference counters manually, or wrap the Z3_ast values using the C++ wrappers available in the C++ API. Otherwise, the memory will be corrupted. For example, when we invoke

Z3_sort s = Z3_mk_enumeration_sort(z3_cont, enum_nm, 3, enum_names, enum_consts, enum_testers);

We have to increase the reference counter of the Z3_func_decls in enum_names and enum_consts. Otherwise, these objects will be garbage collected by Z3. This happens in your example. That is why you get strange results. If we run a tool such as Valgrind in your example, it will report many memory access violations.

Here is a fixed version of your example:

using namespace z3;
...
context z3_cont;
...

Z3_symbol enum_names[3];
Z3_func_decl enum_consts[3];
Z3_func_decl enum_testers[3];
enum_names[0]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"a");
enum_names[1]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"b");
enum_names[2]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"c");
Z3_symbol enum_nm = Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"enumT");
sort s = to_sort(z3_cont, Z3_mk_enumeration_sort(z3_cont, enum_nm, 3, enum_names, enum_consts, enum_testers));
func_decl a_decl = to_func_decl(z3_cont, enum_consts[0]);
func_decl b_decl = to_func_decl(z3_cont, enum_consts[1]);
func_decl c_decl = to_func_decl(z3_cont, enum_consts[2]);
expr a = to_expr(z3_cont, Z3_mk_app(z3_cont, a_decl, 0, 0));
expr b = to_expr(z3_cont, Z3_mk_app(z3_cont, b_decl, 0, 0));
expr x = z3_cont.constant("x", s);
expr test = (x==a) && (x==b);
std::cout << "1: " << test << std::endl;

tactic qe(z3_cont,"ctx-solver-simplify");
goal g(z3_cont);
g.add(test);
expr res(z3_cont);
apply_result result_of_elimination = qe.apply(g);
if ( result_of_elimination.size() == 1){
    goal result_formula = result_of_elimination[0];
    res =  result_formula.operator[](0);
    for (int i = 1; i < result_formula.size(); ++i){
        res = res && result_formula.operator[](i);
    }
}
std::cout << "2: " << res << std::endl;

Note that I'm wrapping the values in enum_consts using func_decl C++ objects. These objects are essentially smart pointers. They automatically manage the reference counters for us.

I also extended the C++ API with a method for simplifying the creation of enumeration sorts. http://z3.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/b2810592e6bb

I also included an example showing how to use this new API. This extension will be available in the next release (Z3 v4.3.2). It is already available in the unstable (working-in-progress) branch, and will be also available tomorrow in the nightly builds.

回答2:

(declare-fun x () enumT) Here I have expected "c", Why "x"?

Try to change:

enum_names[0]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"a");
enum_names[1]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"b");
enum_names[3]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"c");

to:

enum_names[0]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"a");
enum_names[1]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"b");
enum_names[2]=Z3_mk_string_symbol(z3_cont,"c");

and see if that helps