How do I print colored text in IDLE's terminal

问题:

This is very easily a duplicate question--because it is. However, there are very many inadequate answers to this (e.g. try curses! -- pointing to a 26 page documentation).

I just want to print text in a color other than blue when I'm outputting in IDLE. Is it possible? What's an easy way to do this? I'm running Python 3.6 on Windows.

Please explain with an example.

(I have found that ANSI codes do not work inside IDLE, only on the terminal.)

回答1:

Put this at the "start" of your code:

import sys

try: color = sys.stdout.shell
except AttributeError: raise RuntimeError("Use IDLE")

And then use color.write(YourText,Color) for "printing":

color.write("Hi, are you called Miharu461? \n","KEYWORD")
color.write("Yes","STRING")
color.write(" or ","KEYWORD")
color.write("No\n","COMMENT")

This prints:

---

Note: this does NOT automatically puts the enter (like in the print function/statement). So, when you are printing put \n at the end of the last string to put it.

The "Colors" you can put are: SYNC, stdin, BUILTIN, STRING, console, COMMENT, stdout, TODO, stderr, hit, DEFINITION, KEYWORD, ERROR, and sel.

Note 2: This is dependent of the color scheme you are using for IDLE. So I recommend you to use it for highlighting, and not for making a program for asking what in color is some word.

回答2:

According to Strange output when writing to stdout in console "... write will also return the number of characters (actually, bytes, try sys.stdout.write('へllö')) As the python console prints the return value of each expression to stdout, the return value is appended to the actual printed value."

Use

dummy = color.write("Hello world","COMMENT")

to "eat up" the extra output.

回答3:

The short answer: No, it isn't possible to colour different outputs in the IDLE shell.

The only colour changes you can make it to change the entire colour theme, but this will affect all printed strings. If you need coloured output, you should probably switch away from a basic IDE like IDLE or at least a more complete shell than the basic IDLE shell. See this duplicate: Change printed text color in Idle?

回答4:

The problem I faced was how to output error messages in IDLE properly, since sys.exc_info() is printed like normal output while traceback.print_exc() is a bit of too long and detailed. So, I just want to print the Exception in red color like "traceback".

Thanks the top anwser for letting me learn about specifying the type of my messages with write(). Accidentally, I've found another method that meets my demmand by simplely adding file=sys.stderr while print(). Then I'll get a striking but brief error messages. An example in python 3.6:

import sys
try:
    1/0
except Exception as e:
    print(repr(e), file=sys.stderr)