How to compare two files in shell script?

问题:

Here is my scenario. I have two files which are having records with each record's 3-25 characters is an identifier. Based on this I need to compare both of them and update the old file with the new file data if their identifiers match. Identifiers start with 01. Please look at the script below. This is giving some error as "argument expected at line 12 which I am not able to understand.

#!/bin/ksh
while read line
  do
    c=`echo $line|grep '^01' `
    if [ $c -ne NULL ];
      then
        var=`echo $line|cut -c 3-25`
    fi
    while read i
      do
        d=`echo $i|grep '^01' `
        if [ $d -ne NULL ];
          then
            var1=`echo $i|cut -c 3-25`
            if [ $var -eq $var1 ];
              then
                $line=$i
            fi
        fi
      done < test_monday
  done < test_sunday

Please help me out thanks in advance

回答1:

I think what you need is :

if [ "$d" != NULL ];

Try.

回答2:

Unless you are writing a script for portability to the original Bourne shell or others that do not support the feature, in Bash and ksh you should use the [[ form of test for strings and files.

There is a reduced need for quoting and escaping, additional conditions such as pattern and regular expression matching and the ability to use && and || instead of -a and -o.

if [[ $var == $var1 ]]

Also, "NULL" is not a special value in Bash and ksh and so your test will always succeed since $d is tested against the literal string "NULL".

if [[ $d != "" ]]

or

if [[ $d ]]

For numeric values (not including leading zeros unless you're using octal), you can use numeric expressions. You can omit the dollar sign for variables in this context.

numval=41
if ((++numval >= 42))  # increment then test
then
    echo "don't panic"
fi

It's not necessary to use echo and cut for substrings. In Bash and ksh you can do:

var=${line:3:23}

Note: cut uses character positions for the beginning and end of a range, while this shell construct uses starting position and character count so you have to adjust the numbers accordingly.

And it's a good idea to get away from using backticks. Use $() instead. This can be nested and quoting and escaping is reduced or easier.

回答3:

I think you could use the DIFF command

diff file1 file2 > whats_the_diff.txt