How to get data from command line from within a Py

问题:

I want to run a command line program from within a python script and get the output.

How do I get the information that is displayed by foo so that I can use it in my script?

For example, I call foo file1 from the command line and it prints out

Size: 3KB
Name: file1.txt
Other stuff: blah

How can I get the file name doing something like filename = os.system('foo file1')?

回答1:

Use the subprocess module:

import subprocess

command = ['ls', '-l']
p = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.IGNORE)
text = p.stdout.read()
retcode = p.wait()

Then you can do whatever you want with variable text: regular expression, splitting, etc.

The 2nd and 3rd parameters of subprocess.Popen are optional and can be removed.

回答2:

The easiest way to get the output of a tool called through your Python script is to use the subprocess module in the standard library. Have a look at subprocess.check_output.

>>> subprocess.check_output("echo \"foo\"", shell=True)
'foo\n'

(If your tool gets input from untrusted sources, make sure not to use the shell=True argument.)

回答3:

This is typically a subject for a bash script that you can run in python :

#!/bin/bash
# vim:ts=4:sw=4

for arg; do
    size=$(du -sh "$arg" | awk '{print $1}')
    date=$(stat -c "%y" "$arg")
    cat<<EOF
Size: $size
Name: ${arg##*/}
Date: $date 
EOF

done

Edit : How to use it : open a pseuso-terminal, then copy-paste this :

cd
wget http://pastie.org/pastes/2900209/download -O info-files.bash

In python2.4 :

import os
import sys

myvar = ("/bin/bash ~/info-files.bash '{}'").format(sys.argv[1])
myoutput = os.system(myvar) # myoutput variable contains the whole output from the shell
print myoutput

回答4:

This is a portable solution in pure python :

import os
import stat
import time

# pick a file you have ...
file_name = 'll.py'
file_stats = os.stat(file_name)

# create a dictionary to hold file info
file_info = {
    'fname': file_name,
    'fsize': file_stats [stat.ST_SIZE],
    'f_lm': time.strftime("%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p",time.localtime(file_stats[stat.ST_MTIME])),
}


print("""
Size: {} bytes
Name: {}
Time: {}
 """
).format(file_info['fsize'], file_info['fname'], file_info['f_lm'])

回答5:

In Python, You can pass a plain OS command with spaces, subquotes and newlines into the subcommand module so we can parse the response text like this:

1. Save this into test.py:

   #!/usr/bin/python
   import subprocess
   
   command = ('echo "this echo command' + 
   ' has subquotes, spaces,\n\n" && echo "and newlines!"')
   
   p = subprocess.Popen(command, universal_newlines=True, 
   shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
   stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
   text = p.stdout.read()
   retcode = p.wait()
   print text;
   

2. Then run it like this:

   python test.py 
   

3. Which prints:

   this echo command has subquotes, spaces,
   
   
   and newlines!
   

If this isn't working for you, it could be troubles with the python version or the operating system. I'm using Python 2.7.3 on Ubuntu 12.10 for this example.