ASP.NET MVC /Entity Framework Error - Invalid colu

问题:

I'm new to ASP.NET MVC and EF hopefully this is not a silly question

When i pass model to view i'm getting this error - Exception Details: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Invalid column name 'Environment_Id'.

Model nor database table has a property by that name. Could any guide me on this?.

  **Here is the Version Model Class**

  public partial class Version
  {
    public Version()
    {
        this.ProfileVersions = new List<ProfileVersion>();
        this.ServerInfoes = new List<ServerInfo>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Number { get; set; }
    public string Tag { get; set; }
    public string Owner { get; set; }
    public string Approver { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<ProfileVersion> ProfileVersions { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<ServerInfo> ServerInfoes { get; set; }
}

**Profile Version Class**

public partial class ProfileVersion
{
    public ProfileVersion()
    {
        this.PlatformConfigurations = new List<PlatformConfiguration>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public int ProfileId { get; set; }
    public int EnvironmentId { get; set; }
    public int VersionId { get; set; }
    public Nullable<bool> Locked { get; set; }
    public string LockedBy { get; set; }
    public string Comments { get; set; }
    public Nullable<int> Active { get; set; }
    public virtual Environment Environment { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<PlatformConfiguration> PlatformConfigurations { get;  
                                                                             set; }
    public virtual PlatformProfile PlatformProfile { get; set; }
    public virtual Version Version { get; set; }
}

**ServerInfo** 
public partial class ServerInfo
{
    public ServerInfo()
    {
        this.PlatformConfigurations = new List<PlatformConfiguration>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string ServerName { get; set; }
    public int ProfileId { get; set; }
    public int VersionId { get; set; }
    public int EnvironmentId { get; set; }
    public string ServerType { get; set; }
    public Nullable<short> Active { get; set; }
    public string Domain { get; set; }
    public string Location { get; set; }
    public string IP { get; set; }
    public string Subnet { get; set; }
    public string Gateway { get; set; }
    public Nullable<int> VLan { get; set; }
    public string DNS { get; set; }
    public string OS { get; set; }
    public string OSVersion { get; set; }
    public string Func { get; set; }
    public Nullable<short> IISInstalled { get; set; }
    public string ADDomainController { get; set; }
    public string ADOrganizationalUnit { get; set; }
    public string ADGroups { get; set; }
    public string LastError { get; set; }
    public Nullable<System.DateTime> LastUpdate { get; set; }
    public virtual Environment Environment { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<PlatformConfiguration> PlatformConfigurations { get;      
                                                                             set; }
    public virtual PlatformProfile PlatformProfile { get; set; }
    public virtual Version Version { get; set; }
    public virtual VMConfiguration VMConfiguration { get; set; }
}

 **Controller Code-**

 public ViewResult Index(string id )
    {

        var profileVerList = from ver in _context.Versions
                                where !(from pfv in _context.ProfileVersions
                                    select pfv.VersionId).Contains(ver.Id)
                                select ver;

        var bigView = new BigViewModel
        {
            VersionModel = profileVerList.ToList(),                
        };

        return View(model: bigView);
    }


**In the View where the exception is thrown**

 @Html.DropDownList(
            "SelectedVersionID", 
            new SelectList(
                Model.VersionModel.Select(x => new { Value = x.Id, Text = x.Number}),
                "Value",
                "Text"
                )
            )

回答1:

In your ProfileVersion and ServerInfo entities you have an Environment navigation property. By default, Entity Framework will try to create a database column called [Property Name]_[Referenced class PK]. In your scenario, that's Environment_Id. The problem, right now, is that you have not done a migration to have this database column created.

If I had to imagine what happened here, I'd say you first created the classes with EnvironmentId properties, migrated, then later decided to add the navigation properties, Environment to each, expecting EF to associate that with your existing EnvironmentId properties. That's where you went wrong. As I said above, EF convention is to look for a database column named Environment_Id, so if you want EF to use EnvironmentId instead, you just need to tell it so with the ForeignKey data annotation:

[ForeignKey("Environment")]
public int EnvironmentId { get; set; }

回答2:

In My Case I have added My Primary Key Relationship to Same Key .. SO I have simply remove..

回答3:

I realize this question is 3 years old now, but I saw a different reason for the error - both in the original question and in my own code that was pretty similar. And, in my case, I had the same error as stated above.

I had a "MY_ACTIONS" table with an ID and Name pair that I wanted to be added to a dropdown. Here's the model:

namespace TestSite.Models
{
    public class MY_ACTIONS
    {
        //[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2214:DoNotCallOverridableMethodsInConstructors")]
        public MY_ACTIONS()
        {
            this.o_actions = new HashSet<MY_ACTIONS>();
        }

        [Key]
        public int action_id { get; set; }

        [StringLength(100)]
        public string action_name { get; set; }

        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
        public virtual ICollection<MY_ACTIONS> o_actions { get; set; }
    }
}

And to get an action to display on the dropdown it had an ID set in an int field called LASTACTION in my main table. In that model I had declared the ForeignKey relationship:

namespace TestSite.Models
{    

    [Table("MAIN_TABLE")]
    public partial class MAIN_TABLE
    {
        [Key]
        public int MAIN_TABLE_ID { get; set; }

        public int LASTACTION { get; set; } // this would carry a number matching action_id

        [ForeignKey("LASTACTION")]
        public virtual MY_ACTIONS MY_ACTIONS { get; set; }
    }
}

I had the error Invalid column name 'MY_ACTIONS_action_id' when loading this dropdown in my view:

@Html.DropDownList("lastaction", null, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })

...for which I was using this ViewBag in my Controller function:

Model1 db = new Model1(); // database context

MAIN_TABLE o_main = new MAIN_TABLE();
o_main.lastaction = 2;

ViewBag.lastaction = new SelectList(db.MY_ACTIONS, "action_id", "action_name", o_main.lastaction);

If I did not have my FK relationship declared:

[ForeignKey("LASTACTION")]
public virtual MY_ACTIONS MY_ACTIONS { get; set; }

I probably also would've had the same issue. Having the representation of a virtual instance requires linking it with some physical property. This is similar to how this:

public virtual Environment Environment { get; set; }

Should be:

[ForeignKey("EnvironmentId")]
public virtual Environment Environment { get; set; }

in the ProfileVersion class, in the question, above, assuming that EnvironmentId is the Primary Key in a table called Environment (that model is not shown above).

For me, though, I already had that and I was still getting the error, so doing that still might not solve everything.

Turns out all I had to do was get rid of that ICollection<MY_ACTIONS> o_actions in the MY_ACTIONS model and the this.o_actions = new HashSet<MY_ACTIONS>(); line and it all went through fine.

There are many such lists and ICollections in play in the question above, so I would wager something is wrong with having them, as well. Start with just a plain model that represents the fields, then add in your virtual objects that represent tables linked to with foreign keys. Then you make sure your dropdown loads. Only after that should you start adding in your ICollections, HashSets, Lists<T> and other such amenities that are not actually physically part of the database - this can throw off Entity Framework into thinking it needs to do something with them that it doesn't need to do.