Checking whether an item does not exist in another

问题:

My tables are set up something like this:

table name: process
fields: name, id_string

table name: value_seach
fields: id_string, value

I want to construct a select statement that will display all of the process names (with it's respective id_string) that do not have an entry in value_search.

The id_string in the process table can be null, and still have a name, but those need to be excluded if possible. The id_string in value_search can never be null

How do I do this?

回答1:

In general if you want rows that don't exist in another table, then LEFT JOIN the other table and WHERE ... IS NULL to a column on the second table. Also you mentioned that you don't want rows where process.id_string is NULL.

SELECT p.name, p.id_string
FROM
    process p
    LEFT JOIN value_search v
        ON v.id_string = p.id_string
WHERE
    v.id_string IS NULL
    AND p.id_string IS NOT NULL

This is known as an anti-join.

回答2:

I believe using Not Exists would be your best option here.

SELECT p.name, p.id_string
FROM process p
WHERE 
   NOT p.id_string IS NULL AND
   NOT EXISTS(
          SELECT NULL
          FROM value_search v
          WHERE p.id_string = v.id_string)

回答3:

The query you want should look something like this. Note that a JOIN will be significantly faster than a subquery in the WHERE clause.

SELECT p.name, p.id_string
FROM process p
LEFT OUTER JOIN value_search v
   ON p.id_string = v.id_string
   AND p.id_string IS NOT NULL
   AND v.id_string IS NULL

An equally valid variant of the query above would be:

SELECT p.name, p.id_string
FROM process p
LEFT OUTER JOIN value_search v
   ON p.id_string = v.id_string
WHERE
   p.id_string IS NOT NULL
   AND v.id_string IS NULL

回答4:

SELECT 
  name,
  id_string
FROM process
WHERE id_string IS NOT NULL AND id_string NOT IN SELECT id_string FROM value_seach