get stack trace on tryCatch'ed error in R

问题:

This is related to some other questions, but I can't seem to figure out how to apply the answer, so I'm asking a new question.

I'm trying to figure out an uninformative error from a piece of code that looks like this:

tryCatch(MainLoop(), 
  error=function(e) { fatal(lgr, paste('caught fatal error:', as.character(e))); 
                      exit.status <<- 1 })

The problem is that the error appears to be related to something buried in a library function:

Error in nrow(x): (subscript) logical subscript too long

That nrow is not in my code, as the C-level error above only applies to a type of indexing that never happens in any of my nrow calls.

So I'd really like to get a stack trace from within that tryCatch. Here's an analogous problem:

x <- function() { y(); }
y <- function() { z(); }
z <- function() { stop("asdf") }

> x()
Error in z() : asdf
> tryCatch(x(), error=function(e) { print(conditionCall(e)) } )
z()
> tryCatch(x(), error=function(e) { dump.frames() } )
> last.dump
$`tryCatch(x(), error = function(e) {
    dump.frames()
})`
<environment: 0x1038e43b8>

$`tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)`
<environment: 0x1038e4c60>

$`tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1]])`
<environment: 0x1038e4918>

$`value[[3]](cond)`
<environment: 0x1038ea578>

attr(,"error.message")
[1] "asdf"
attr(,"class")
[1] "dump.frames"

How do I get the stack trace that includes the call to y()? Do I have to stop using tryCatch? What's a better way?

回答1:

For interactive use one might trace(stop, quote(print(sys.calls()))) to print the call stack at the time stop() is invoked.

From ?tryCatch,

 The function 'tryCatch' evaluates its expression argument in a
 context where the handlers provided in the '...'  argument are
 available.

whereas

 Calling handlers are established by 'withCallingHandlers'...
 the handler is called... in the context where the condition
 was signaled...

so

>     withCallingHandlers(x(), error=function(e) print(sys.calls()))
[[1]]
withCallingHandlers(x(), error = function(e) print(sys.calls()))

[[2]]
x()

[[3]]
y()

[[4]]
z()

[[5]]
stop("asdf")

[[6]]
.handleSimpleError(function (e) 
print(sys.calls()), "asdf", quote(z()))

[[7]]
h(simpleError(msg, call))

Error in z() : asdf

This is thwarted if there is an inner tryCatch

withCallingHandlers({
    tryCatch(x(), error=function(e) stop("oops"))
}, error=function(e) print(sys.calls()))

as we only have access to the call stack after the tryCatch has 'handled' the error.

回答2:

Yes, it is possible. It is not too elegant in coding, but very helpful in output! Any comments are welcome!

I put it in my misc package, use it from there if you want the documentation. https://github.com/brry/berryFunctions/blob/master/R/tryStack.R The next CRAN version is planned to be released soon, until then:

devtools::install_github("brry/berryFunctions")
# or use:
source("http://raw.githubusercontent.com/brry/berryFunctions/master/R/instGit.R")
instGit("brry/berryFunctions")

library(berryFunctions)
?tryStack

Here it is for fast reference:

tryStack <- function(
expr,
silent=FALSE
)
{
tryenv <- new.env()
out <- try(withCallingHandlers(expr, error=function(e)
  {
  stack <- sys.calls()
  stack <- stack[-(2:7)]
  stack <- head(stack, -2)
  stack <- sapply(stack, deparse)
  if(!silent && isTRUE(getOption("show.error.messages"))) 
    cat("This is the error stack: ", stack, sep="\n")
  assign("stackmsg", value=paste(stack,collapse="\n"), envir=tryenv)
  }), silent=silent)
if(inherits(out, "try-error")) out[2] <- tryenv$stackmsg
out
}

lower <- function(a) a+10
upper <- function(b) {plot(b, main=b) ; lower(b) }

d <- tryStack(upper(4))
d <- tryStack(upper("4"))
cat(d[2])

d <- tryStack(upper("4"))

This is the error stack:

tryStack(upper("4"))

upper("4")

lower(b)

Error in a + 10 : non-numeric argument to binary operator

回答3:

I am a fan of evaluate::try_capture_stack().

x <- function() {
  y()
}
y <- function() {
  z()
}
z <- function() {
  stop("asdf")
}
env <- environment()
e <- evaluate::try_capture_stack(quote(x()), env)
names(e)
#> [1] "message" "call"    "calls"
e$calls
#> [[1]]
#> x()
#> 
#> [[2]]
#> y()
#> 
#> [[3]]
#> z()
#> 
#> [[4]]
#> stop("asdf")

回答4:

I'm a bit late to the party, but I found the best way was to use an exit handler in the function you are trying.

main <- function()
{
  on.exit({
    msg <- capture.output(traceback())
    if (msg != "No traceback available ")
    {
      print(msg)
    }
  }
  )
  # rest of code
}

withCallingHandlers(
  expr =
    {
      main()
    },
  error = function(e) 
  {
    print(e)
  }
)