What is the easiest way to read wav-files using Py

问题:

I want to use Python to access a wav-file and write its content in a form which allows me to analyze it (let's say arrays).

1. I heard that "audiolab" is a suitable tool for that (it transforms numpy arrays into wav and vica versa).
2. I have installed the "audiolab" but I had a problem with the version of numpy (I could not "from numpy.testing import Tester"). I had 1.1.1. version of numpy.

3. I have installed a newer version on numpy (1.4.0). But then I got a new set of errors:

   Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 7, in import scikits.audiolab File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/scikits/audiolab/init.py", line 25, in from pysndfile import formatinfo, sndfile File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/scikits/audiolab/pysndfile/init.py", line 1, in from _sndfile import Sndfile, Format, available_file_formats, available_encodings File "numpy.pxd", line 30, in scikits.audiolab.pysndfile._sndfile (scikits/audiolab/pysndfile/_sndfile.c:9632) ValueError: numpy.dtype does not appear to be the correct type object

4. I gave up to use audiolab and thought that I can use "wave" package to read in a wav-file. I asked a question about that but people recommended to use scipy instead. OK, I decided to focus on scipy (I have 0.6.0. version).

5. But when I tried to do the following:

   from scipy.io import wavfile
   x = wavfile.read('/usr/share/sounds/purple/receive.wav')

I get the following:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test3.py", line 4, in <module>
    from scipy.io import wavfile
  File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/scipy/io/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from numpy.testing import NumpyTest
ImportError: cannot import name NumpyTest

6. So, I gave up to use scipy. Can I use just wave package? I do not need much. I just need to have content of wav-file in human readable format and than I will figure out what to do with that.

回答1:

Have you tried the wave module? It has fewer dependencies:

http://docs.python.org/library/wave.html

def everyOther (v, offset=0):
   return [v[i] for i in range(offset, len(v), 2)]

def wavLoad (fname):
   wav = wave.open (fname, "r")
   (nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname) = wav.getparams ()
   frames = wav.readframes (nframes * nchannels)
   out = struct.unpack_from ("%dh" % nframes * nchannels, frames)

   # Convert 2 channles to numpy arrays
   if nchannels == 2:
       left = array (list (everyOther (out, 0)))
       right = array (list  (everyOther (out, 1)))
   else:
       left = array (out)
       right = left

回答2:

I wrote a simple wrapper over the wave module in the std lib. it's called pydub and it has a method for reading samples from the audio data as ints.

>>> from pydub import AudioSegment
>>> song = AudioSegment.from_wav("your_song.wav")
<pydub.audio_segment.AudioSegment at 0x1068868d0>

>>> # This song is stereo
>>> song.channels
2

>>> # get the 5000th "frame" in the song
>>> frame = song.get_frame(5000)

>>> sample_left, sample_right = frame[:2], frame[2:]
>>> def sample_to_int(sample): 
        return int(sample.encode("hex"), 16)

>>> sample_to_int(sample_left)
8448

>>> sample_to_int(sample_right)
9984

Hopefully this helps

回答3:

This is good enough for me

import numpy as np
x = np.fromfile(open('song.wav'),np.int16)[24:]

It ignores the first 24 values, because that's not audio, it the header.

Also, if the file was stereo, your channels will have alternating indexes, So I usually just reduce it to mono with Audacity first.

回答4:

You can also use the wave module along with the numpy.fromstring() function to convert it to an array

import wave
import numpy

fp = wave.open('test.wav')
nchan = fp.getnchannels()
N = fp.getnframes()
dstr = fp.readframes(N*nchan)
data = numpy.fromstring(dstr, numpy.int16)
data = numpy.reshape(data, (-1,nchan))

回答5:

After trying so many things that does not work I used the decode library from Use (Python) Gstreamer to decode audio (to PCM data) and build a function to parse the raw pcm data into a scipy array.

It's nice and can open any audio file that gstreamer can open: http://gist.github.com/592776 (see Test and the end of the file for usage info)

回答6:

audiolab is the best way, but it doesn't work in every environment and the developer's not working on it. I'm still using Python 2.5 so I can use it.

Did you install libsndfile?

回答7:

audiolab seems to be not maintained anymore, you should try PySoundFile.

Installation is simple:

pip install PySoundFile --user

And reading a sound file as well:

import soundfile as sf
x, fs = sf.read('/usr/share/sounds/purple/receive.wav')

Have a look at this overview about different Python libraries for handling sound files.

回答8:

pydub provides an even easier solution without any dependencies needing to be installed (for wav files). I'm currently using this method in production without any issues.

from pydub import AudioSegment
awesome_song = AudioSegment.from_wav('awesome_song.wav')
print('Duration in seconds is {}'.format(awesome_song.duration_seconds))