How to block external http requests? (securing AJA

问题:

I want to use post to update a database and don't want people doing it manually, i.e., it should only be possible through AJAX in a client. Is there some well known cryptographic trick to use in this scenario?

Say I'm issuing a GET request to insert a new user into my database at site.com/adduser/<userid>. Someone could overpopulate my database by issuing fake requests.

回答1:

There is no way to avoid forged requests in this case, as the client browser already has everything necessary to make the request; it is only a matter of some debugging for a malicious user to figure out how to make arbitrary requests to your backend, and probably even using your own code to make it easier. You don't need "cryptographic tricks", you need only obfuscation, and that will only make forging a bit inconvenient, but still not impossible.

回答2:

It can be achieved.
Whenever you render a page which is supposed to make such request. Generate a random token and store it in session (for authenticated user) or database (in case this request is publicly allowed).
and instead of calling site.com/adduser/<userid> call site.com/adduser/<userid>/<token>
whenever you receive such request if the token is valid or not (from session or database)
In case token is correct, process the request and remove used token from session / db
In case token is incorrect, reject the request.

回答3:

I don't really need to restrict access to the server (although that would be great), I'm looking for a cryptographic trick that would allow the server to know when things are coming from the app and not forged by the user using a sniffed token.

You cannot do this. It's almost one of the fundamental problems with client/server applications. Here's why it doesn't work: Say you had a way for your client app to authenticate itself to the server - whether it's a secret password or some other method. The information that the app needs is necessarily accessible to the app (the password is hidden in there somewhere, or whatever). But because it runs on the user's computer, that means they also have access to this information: All they need is to look at the source, or the binary, or the network traffic between your app and the server, and eventually they will figure out the mechanism by which your app authenticates, and replicate it. Maybe they'll even copy it. Maybe they'll write a clever hack to make your app do the heavy lifting (You can always just send fake user input to the app). But no matter how, they've got all the information required, and there is no way to stop them from having it that wouldn't also stop your app from having it.

回答4:

Prevent Direct Access To File Called By ajax Function seems to address the question.

You can (among other solutions, I'm sure)...

• use session management (log in to create a session);
• send a unique key to the client which needs to be returned before it expires (can't be re-used, and can't be stored for use later on);
• and/or set headers as in the linked answer.

But anything can be spoofed if people try hard enough. The only completely secure system is one which no-one can access at all.

回答5:

This is the same problem as CSRF - and the solution is the same: use a token in the AJAX request which you've perviously stored eslewhere (or can regenerate, e.g. by encrypting the parameters using the sessin id as a key). Chriss Shiflett has some sensible notes on this, and there's an OWASP project for detecting CSRF with PHP

回答6:

This is some authorization issue: only authorized requests should result in the creation of a new user. So when receiving such a request, your sever needs to check whether it’s from a client that is authorized to create new users.

Now the main issue is how to decide what request is authorized. In most cases, this is done via user roles and/or some ticketing system. With user roles, you’ll have additional problems to solve like user identification and user authentication. But if that is already solved, you can easily map the users onto roles like Alice is an admin and Bob is a regular user and only admins are authorized to create new users.

回答7:

It works like any other web page: login authentication, check the referrer.

回答8:

The solution is adding the bold line to ajax requests. Also you should look to basic authentication, this will not be the only protector. You can catch the incomes with these code from your ajax page

Ajax Call

function callit()
{
 if(window.XMLHttpRequest){xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();}else{xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");}
 xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function(){if(xmlhttp.readyState==4&&xmlhttp.status==200){document.getElementById('alp').innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;}}
 xmlhttp.open("get", "call.asp", true);
 **xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");**
 xmlhttp.send();
}

PHP/ASP Requested Page Answer

ASP

If Request.ServerVariables("HTTP_X-Requested-With") = "XMLHttpRequest" Then
 'Do stuff
Else
 'Kill it
End If

PHP

if( isset( $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] ) && ( $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] == 'XMLHttpRequest' ) )
{
 //Do stuff
} else {
 //Kill it
}