How to cross validate RandomForest model?

问题:

I want to evaluate a random forest being trained on some data. Is there any utility in Apache Spark to do the same or do I have to perform cross validation manually?

回答1:

ML provides CrossValidator class which can be used to perform cross-validation and parameter search. Assuming your data is already preprocessed you can add cross-validation as follows:

import org.apache.spark.ml.Pipeline
import org.apache.spark.ml.tuning.{ParamGridBuilder, CrossValidator}
import org.apache.spark.ml.classification.RandomForestClassifier
import org.apache.spark.ml.evaluation.MulticlassClassificationEvaluator

// [label: double, features: vector]
trainingData org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = ??? 
val nFolds: Int = ???
val numTrees: Int = ???
val metric: String = ???

val rf = new RandomForestClassifier()
  .setLabelCol("label")
  .setFeaturesCol("features")
  .setNumTrees(numTrees)

val pipeline = new Pipeline().setStages(Array(rf)) 

val paramGrid = new ParamGridBuilder().build() // No parameter search

val evaluator = new MulticlassClassificationEvaluator()
  .setLabelCol("label")
  .setPredictionCol("prediction")
  // "f1" (default), "weightedPrecision", "weightedRecall", "accuracy"
  .setMetricName(metric) 

val cv = new CrossValidator()
  // ml.Pipeline with ml.classification.RandomForestClassifier
  .setEstimator(pipeline)
  // ml.evaluation.MulticlassClassificationEvaluator
  .setEvaluator(evaluator) 
  .setEstimatorParamMaps(paramGrid)
  .setNumFolds(nFolds)

val model = cv.fit(trainingData) // trainingData: DataFrame

Using PySpark:

from pyspark.ml import Pipeline
from pyspark.ml.classification import RandomForestClassifier
from pyspark.ml.tuning import CrossValidator, ParamGridBuilder
from pyspark.ml.evaluation import MulticlassClassificationEvaluator

trainingData = ... # DataFrame[label: double, features: vector]
numFolds = ... # Integer

rf = RandomForestClassifier(labelCol="label", featuresCol="features")
evaluator = MulticlassClassificationEvaluator() # + other params as in Scala    

pipeline = Pipeline(stages=[rf])
paramGrid = (ParamGridBuilder. 
    .addGrid(rf.numTrees, [3, 10])
    .addGrid(...)  # Add other parameters
    .build())

crossval = CrossValidator(
    estimator=pipeline,
    estimatorParamMaps=paramGrid,
    evaluator=evaluator,
    numFolds=numFolds)

model = crossval.fit(trainingData)

回答2:

To build on zero323's great answer using Random Forest Classifier, here is a similar example for Random Forest Regressor:

import org.apache.spark.ml.Pipeline
import org.apache.spark.ml.tuning.{ParamGridBuilder, CrossValidator}
import org.apache.spark.ml.regression.RandomForestRegressor // CHANGED
import org.apache.spark.ml.evaluation.RegressionEvaluator // CHANGED
import org.apache.spark.ml.feature.{VectorAssembler, VectorIndexer}

val numFolds = ??? // Integer
val data = ??? // DataFrame

// Training (80%) and test data (20%)
val Array(train, test) = data.randomSplit(Array(0.8,0.2))
val featuresCols = data.columns
val va = new VectorAssembler()
va.setInputCols(featuresCols)
va.setOutputCol("rawFeatures")
val vi = new VectorIndexer()
vi.setInputCol("rawFeatures")
vi.setOutputCol("features")
vi.setMaxCategories(5)
val regressor = new RandomForestRegressor()
regressor.setLabelCol("events")

val metric = "rmse"
val evaluator = new RegressionEvaluator()
  .setLabelCol("events")
  .setPredictionCol("prediction")
  //     "rmse" (default): root mean squared error
  //     "mse": mean squared error
  //     "r2": R2 metric
  //     "mae": mean absolute error 
  .setMetricName(metric) 

val paramGrid = new ParamGridBuilder().build()
val cv = new CrossValidator()
  .setEstimator(regressor)
  .setEvaluator(evaluator) 
  .setEstimatorParamMaps(paramGrid)
  .setNumFolds(numFolds)

val model = cv.fit(train) // train: DataFrame
val predictions = model.transform(test)
predictions.show
val rmse = evaluator.evaluate(predictions)
println(rmse)

Evaluator metric source: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/scala/#org.apache.spark.ml.evaluation.RegressionEvaluator