Regex for parsing directory and filename

问题:

I'm trying to write a regex that will parse out the directory and filename of a fully qualified path using matching groups.

so...

/var/log/xyz/10032008.log

would recognize group 1 to be "/var/log/xyz" and group 2 to be "10032008.log"

Seems simple but I can't get the matching groups to work for the life of me.

NOTE: As pointed out by some of the respondents this is probably not a good use of regular expressions. Generally I'd prefer to use the file API of the language I was using. What I'm actually trying to do is a little more complicated than this but would have been much more difficult to explain, so I chose a domain that everyone would be familiar with in order to most succinctly describe the root problem.

回答1:

Try this:

^(.+)\/([^/]+)$

EDIT: escaped the forward slash to prevent problems when copy/pasting the Regex

回答2:

In languages that support regular expressions with non-capturing groups:

((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)

I'll explain the gnarly regex by exploding it...

(
  (?:
    [^/]*
    /
  )
  *
)
(.*)

What the parts mean:

(  -- capture group 1 starts
  (?:  -- non-capturing group starts
    [^/]*  -- greedily match as many non-directory separators as possible
    /  -- match a single directory-separator character
  )  -- non-capturing group ends
  *  -- repeat the non-capturing group zero-or-more times
)  -- capture group 1 ends
(.*)  -- capture all remaining characters in group 2

Example

To test the regular expression, I used the following Perl script...

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use warnings;

sub test {
  my $str = shift;
  my $testname = shift;

  $str =~ m#((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)#;

  print "$str -- $testname\n";
  print "  1: $1\n";
  print "  2: $2\n\n";
}

test('/var/log/xyz/10032008.log', 'absolute path');
test('var/log/xyz/10032008.log', 'relative path');
test('10032008.log', 'filename-only');
test('/10032008.log', 'file directly under root');

The output of the script...

/var/log/xyz/10032008.log -- absolute path
  1: /var/log/xyz/
  2: 10032008.log

var/log/xyz/10032008.log -- relative path
  1: var/log/xyz/
  2: 10032008.log

10032008.log -- filename-only
  1:
  2: 10032008.log

/10032008.log -- file directly under root
  1: /
  2: 10032008.log

回答3:

Most languages have path parsing functions that will give you this already. If you have the ability, I'd recommend using what comes to you for free out-of-the-box.

Assuming / is the path delimiter...

^(.*/)([^/]*)$

The first group will be whatever the directory/path info is, the second will be the filename. For example:

• /foo/bar/baz.log: "/foo/bar/" is the path, "baz.log" is the file
• foo/bar.log: "foo/" is the path, "bar.log" is the file
• /foo/bar: "/foo/" is the path, "bar" is the file
• /foo/bar/: "/foo/bar/" is the path and there is no file.

回答4:

What language? and why use regex for this simple task?

If you must:

^(.*)/([^/]*)$

gives you the two parts you wanted. You might need to quote the parentheses:

^\(.*\)/\([^/]*\)$

depending on your preferred language syntax.

But I suggest you just use your language's string search function that finds the last "/" character, and split the string on that index.

回答5:

What about this?

[/]{0,1}([^/]+[/])*([^/]*)

Deterministic :

((/)|())([^/]+/)*([^/]*)

Strict :

^[/]{0,1}([^/]+[/])*([^/]*)$
^((/)|())([^/]+/)*([^/]*)$

回答6:

Try this:

/^(\/([^/]+\/)*)(.*)$/

It will leave the trailing slash on the path, though.

回答7:

Reasoning:

I did a little research through trial and error method. Found out that all the values that are available in keyboard are eligible to be a file or directory except '/' in *nux machine.

I used touch command to create file for following characters and it created a file.

(Comma separated values below)
'!', '@', '#', '$', "'", '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', ' ', '"', '\', '-', ',', '[', ']', '{', '}', '`', '~', '>', '<', '=', '+', ';', ':', '|'

It failed only when I tried creating '/' (because it's root directory) and filename container / because it file separator.

And it changed the modified time of current dir . when I did touch .. However, file.log is possible.

And of course, a-z, A-Z, 0-9, - (hypen), _ (underscore) should work.

Outcome

So, by the above reasoning we know that a file name or directory name can contain anything except / forward slash. So, our regex will be derived by what will not be present in the file name/directory name.

/(?:(?P<dir>(?:[/]?)(?:[^\/]+/)+)(?P<filename>[^/]+))/

Step by Step regexp creation process

Pattern Explanation

Step-1: Start with matching root directory

A directory can start with / when it is absolute path and directory name when it's relative. Hence, look for / with zero or one occurrence.

/(?P<filepath>(?P<root>[/]?)(?P<rest_of_the_path>.+))/

Step-2: Try to find the first directory.

Next, a directory and its child is always separated by /. And a directory name can be anything except /. Let's match /var/ first then.

/(?P<filepath>(?P<first_directory>(?P<root>[/]?)[^\/]+/)(?P<rest_of_the_path>.+))/

Step-3: Get full directory path for the file

Next, let's match all directories

/(?P<filepath>(?P<dir>(?P<root>[/]?)(?P<single_dir>[^\/]+/)+)(?P<rest_of_the_path>.+))/

Here, single_dir is yz/ because, first it matched var/, then it found next occurrence of same pattern i.e. log/, then it found the next occurrence of same pattern yz/. So, it showed the last occurrence of pattern.

Step-4: Match filename and clean up

Now, we know that we're never going to use the groups like single_dir, filepath, root. Hence let's clean that up.

Let's keep them as groups however don't capture those groups.

And rest_of_the_path is just the filename! So, rename it. And a file will not have / in its name, so it's better to keep [^/]

/(?:(?P<dir>(?:[/]?)(?:[^\/]+/)+)(?P<filename>[^/]+))/

This brings us to the final result. Of course, there are several other ways you can do it. I am just mentioning one of the ways here.

Regex Rules used above are listed here

^ means string starts with
(?P<dir>pattern) means capture group by group name. We have two groups with group name dir and file
(?:pattern) means don't consider this group or non-capturing group.
? means match zero or one. + means match one or more [^\/] means matches any char except forward slash (/)

[/]? means if it is absolute path then it can start with / otherwise it won't. So, match zero or one occurrence of /.

[^\/]+/ means one or more characters which aren't forward slash (/) which is followed by a forward slash (/). This will match var/ or xyz/. One directory at a time.

回答8:

A very late answer, but hope this will help

^(.+?)/([\w]+\.log)$

This uses lazy check for /, and I just modified the accepted answer

http://regex101.com/r/gV2xB7/1