Improving g++ output

问题:

g++ sometimes produces pretty convoluted outputs. Specially when dealing with templates. Is there any tool that makes g++ output more readable? ... at least some color?

It may sound silly to ask this question here, but I've been unable to google my way out of this.

回答1:

If you're free to switch compiler, try clang++. It's error outputs are most of the time very clear and sometimes it will even tell you what to do to fix your error. You can find a comparison of gcc vs clang error output here: http://clang.llvm.org/diagnostics.html.

Otherwise, as noted by Matteo Italia, look to STLFilt.

For the color aspect, Edwin Buck's solution (colorgcc) is very good. You can create symlinks to it named gcc, g++, etc so that it always gets used whenever you run a compiler command (provided you setup the paths in the colorgcc script correctly). I find this especially convenient when compiling some large project from a Makefile. Helps tremendously to detect where exactly something went wrong (especially when you do parallel compilations with make -j).

回答2:

GCC as of 4.9 has colourized output ☺

Append the following to your bashrc/zshrc/whatever.

export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

回答3:

There's colorgcc, a perl script which wraps the gcc (g++) output with color for easier readability.

As far as the "output" of gcc (g++) I am guessing you're not complaining about the compiled binaries :)

回答4:

I improve it by using sed to color the output with this script:

#!/bin/bash
while read x ; do echo $x ; done \
| sed -e "s/.*error:.*/\x1b[1;36m&\x1b[0m/" \
-e "s/.*warning:.*/\x1b[1;36m&\x1b[0m/" \
-e "s/^\(.*\)\(required from\)/\x1b[1;36m\1\x1b[0mnote: \2/" \
-e "s/^\(.*\)\(In instantiation of\)/\x1b[1;36m\1\x1b[0mnote: \2/" \
-e "s/^\(.*\)\(In member\)/\x1b[1;36m\1\x1b[0mnote: \2/" \
| sed -e "s/error:/\x1b[1;31m&\x1b[1;36m/" \
-e "s/warning:/\x1b[1;35m&\x1b[1;36m/" \
-e "s/note:/\x1b[1;30m&\x1b[0m/"

回答5:

If you use gcc 4.9 or higher there are a couple built-in options:

• -fmessage-length=n, which optimizes the output for lines of n characters length.
• -fdiagnostics-color=always, which applies some nice colors.
  (Works fine on linux, not so much on msys)

For more options and exact usage heres the documentation:
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Diagnostic-Message-Formatting-Options.html

回答6:

When dealing with the STL¹, STLFilt comes to the rescue.

On a related note, I also heard that the clang compiler produces by itself much better error messages in general.

---

Nitpickers' corner

1. Actually, not the SGI STL, but the parts of it that have been adopted in the C++ standard and are part of the standard library.

回答7:

I can't answer your question directly, but note that in regards to templates if you look at the top message (the error caused by the templated) and the bottom "instantiated from here" message, it usually becomes much more clear. Ignore all the middle messages as they are probably not going to help.

回答8:

There is colorgcc.

回答9:

there is my personal function:

colorgcc()
{
perl -wln -M'Term::ANSIColor' -e '
m/not found$/ and print "\e[1;30m$`\e[0m", "$&", "\e[0m"
or
m/found$/ and print "\e[1;30m$`\e[0;32m", "$&", "\e[0m"
or
m/yes$/ and print "\e[1;30m$`\e[0;32m", "$&", "\e[0m"
or
m/no$/ and print "\e[1;30m$`\e[0m", "$&", "\e[0m"
or
m/ Error |error:/i and print "\e[1;91m", "$_", "\e[0m"
or
m/ Warning |warning:/i and print "\e[0;33m", "$_", "\e[0m"
or
m/nsinstall / and print "\e[0;36m", "$_", "\e[0m"
or
m/Linking |link: |\.a\b/ and print "\e[1;36m", "$_", "\e[0m"
or
m/Building|gcc|g++|\bCC\b|\bcc\b/ and print "\e[1;30m", "$_", "\e[0m"
or
print; '
}

回答10:

you can use GilCC which is a Ruby tool that will convert GCC output to color in real-time. It is free and you can customize it to your preference. It is not intrusive as it does not change your gcc setup and you don't have to edit any system files such as .bash. You have to install Ruby and be able to invoke Ruby programs from the command line. Right now you have two options Perl script or GilCC and if you work with Ruby you will like GilCC.

Then whenever you call "GillCC" it will call "make" behind the scenes with your parameters such as "clean", "debug" or "release". for example if normally you call: "make debug" you should call "GilCC debug".

Almost forgot to mention that GilCC has some statistics such as # of warnings and error as well as build time. These things are handy when you are trying to improve your build.

The link to the download page is here.