Instantiating a JavaScript object by calling proto

问题:

Let me start with a specific example of what I'm trying to do.

I have an array of year, month, day, hour, minute, second and millisecond components in the form [ 2008, 10, 8, 00, 16, 34, 254 ]. I'd like to instantiate a Date object using the following standard constructor:

new Date(year, month, date [, hour, minute, second, millisecond ])

How can I pass my array to this constructor to get a new Date instance? [ Update: My question actually extends beyond this specific example. I'd like a general solution for built-in JavaScript classes like Date, Array, RegExp, etc. whose constructors are beyond my reach. ]

I'm trying to do something like the following:

var comps = [ 2008, 10, 8, 00, 16, 34, 254 ];
var d = Date.prototype.constructor.apply(this, comps);

I probably need a "new" in there somewhere. The above just returns the current time as if I had called "(new Date()).toString()". I also acknowledge that I may be completely in the wrong direction with the above :)

Note: No eval() and no accessing the array items one by one, please. I'm pretty sure I should be able to use the array as is.

---

Update: Further Experiments

Since no one has been able to come up with a working answer yet, I've done more playing around. Here's a new discovery.

I can do this with my own class:

function Foo(a, b) {
    this.a = a;
    this.b = b;

    this.toString = function () {
        return this.a + this.b;
    };
}

var foo = new Foo(1, 2);
Foo.prototype.constructor.apply(foo, [4, 8]);
document.write(foo); // Returns 12 -- yay!

But it doesn't work with the intrinsic Date class:

var d = new Date();
Date.prototype.constructor.call(d, 1000);
document.write(d); // Still returns current time :(

Neither does it work with Number:

var n = new Number(42);
Number.prototype.constructor.call(n, 666);
document.write(n); // Returns 42

Maybe this just isn't possible with intrinsic objects? I'm testing with Firefox BTW.

回答1:

I've done more investigation of my own and came up with the conclusion that this is an impossible feat, due to how the Date class is implemented.

I've inspected the SpiderMonkey source code to see how Date was implemented. I think it all boils down to the following few lines:

static JSBool
Date(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj, uintN argc, jsval *argv, jsval *rval)
{
    jsdouble *date;
    JSString *str;
    jsdouble d;

    /* Date called as function. */
    if (!(cx->fp->flags & JSFRAME_CONSTRUCTING)) {
        int64 us, ms, us2ms;
        jsdouble msec_time;

        /* NSPR 2.0 docs say 'We do not support PRMJ_NowMS and PRMJ_NowS',
         * so compute ms from PRMJ_Now.
         */
        us = PRMJ_Now();
        JSLL_UI2L(us2ms, PRMJ_USEC_PER_MSEC);
        JSLL_DIV(ms, us, us2ms);
        JSLL_L2D(msec_time, ms);

        return date_format(cx, msec_time, FORMATSPEC_FULL, rval);
    }

    /* Date called as constructor. */
    // ... (from here on it checks the arg count to decide how to create the date)

When Date is used as a function (either as Date() or Date.prototype.constructor(), which are exactly the same thing), it defaults to returning the current time as a string in the locale format. This is regardless of any arguments that are passed in:

alert(Date()); // Returns "Thu Oct 09 2008 23:15:54 ..."
alert(typeof Date()); // Returns "string"

alert(Date(42)); // Same thing, "Thu Oct 09 2008 23:15:54 ..."
alert(Date(2008, 10, 10)); // Ditto
alert(Date(null)); // Just doesn't care

I don't think there's anything that can be done at the JS level to circumvent this. And this is probably the end of my pursuit in this topic.

I've also noticed something interesting:

    /* Set the value of the Date.prototype date to NaN */
    proto_date = date_constructor(cx, proto);
    if (!proto_date)
        return NULL;
    *proto_date = *cx->runtime->jsNaN;

Date.prototype is a Date instance with the internal value of NaN and therefore,

alert(Date.prototype); // Always returns "Invalid Date"
                       // on Firefox, Opera, Safari, Chrome
                       // but not Internet Explorer

IE doesn't disappoint us. It does things a bit differently and probably sets the internal value to -1 so that Date.prototype always returns a date slightly before epoch.

---

Update

I've finally dug into ECMA-262 itself and it turns out, what I'm trying to achieve (with the Date object) is -- by definition -- not possible:

15.9.2 The Date Constructor Called as a Function

When Date is called as a function rather than as a constructor, it returns a string representing the current time (UTC).

NOTE The function call Date(…) is not equivalent to the object creation expression new Date(…) with the same arguments.

15.9.2.1 Date ( [ year [, month [, date [, hours [, minutes [, seconds [, ms ] ] ] ] ] ] ] )

All of the arguments are optional; any arguments supplied are accepted but are completely ignored. A string is created and returned as if by the expression (new Date()).toString().

回答2:

I'd hardly call this elegant, but in my testing (FF3, Saf4, IE8) it works:

var arr = [ 2009, 6, 22, 10, 30, 9 ];

Instead of this:

var d = new Date( arr[0], arr[1], arr[2], arr[3], arr[4], arr[5] );

Try this:

var d = new Date( Date.UTC.apply( window, arr ) + ( (new Date()).getTimezoneOffset() * 60000 ) );

回答3:

This is how you might solve the specific case:-

function writeLn(s)
{
    //your code to write a line to stdout
    WScript.Echo(s)
}

var a =  [ 2008, 10, 8, 00, 16, 34, 254 ]

var d = NewDate.apply(null, a)

function NewDate(year, month, date, hour, minute, second, millisecond)
{
    return new Date(year, month, date, hour, minute, second, millisecond);
}

writeLn(d)

However you are looking for a more general solution. The recommended code for creating a constructor method is to have it return this.

Hence:-

function Target(x , y) { this.x = x, this.y = y; return this; }

could be constructed :-

var x = Target.apply({}, [1, 2]);

However not all implementations work this way not least because the prototype chain would be wrong:-

var n = {};
Target.prototype = n;
var x = Target.apply({}, [1, 2]);
var b = n.isPrototypeOf(x); // returns false
var y = new Target(3, 4);
b = n.isPrototypeOf(y); // returns true

回答4:

It's less than elegant, but here's a solution:

function GeneratedConstructor (methodName, argumentCount) {
    var params = []

    for (var i = 0; i < argumentCount; i++) {
        params.push("arguments[" + i + "]")
    }

    var code = "return new " + methodName + "(" + params.join(",") +  ")"

    var ctor = new Function(code)

    this.createObject = function (params) {
        return ctor.apply(this, params)
    }
}

The way this works should be pretty obvious. It creates a function through code generation. This example has a fixed number of parameters for each constructor you create, but that's useful anyway. Most of the time you have atleast a maximum number of arguments in mind. This also is better than some of the other examples here because it allows you to generate the code once and then re-use it. The code that's generated takes advantage of the variable-argument feature of javascript, this way you can avoid having to name each parameter (or spell them out in a list and pass the arguments in to the function you generate). Here's a working example:

var dateConstructor = new GeneratedConstructor("Date", 3)
dateConstructor.createObject( [ 1982, 03, 23 ] )

This will return the following:

Fri Apr 23 1982 00:00:00 GMT-0800 (PST)

It is indeed still...a bit ugly. But it atleast conveniently hides the mess and doesn't assume that compiled code itself can get garbage collected (since that may depend on the implementation and is a likely area for bugs).

Cheers, Scott S. McCoy

回答5:

This is how you do it:

function applyToConstructor(constructor, argArray) {
    var args = [null].concat(argArray);
    var factoryFunction = constructor.bind.apply(constructor, args);
    return new factoryFunction();
}

var d = applyToConstructor(Date, [2008, 10, 8, 00, 16, 34, 254]);

It will work with any constructor, not just built-ins or constructors that can double as functions (like Date).

However it does require the Ecmascript 5 .bind function. Shims will probably not work correctly.

By the way, one of the other answers suggests returning this out of a constructor. That can make it very difficult to extend the object using classical inheritance, so I would consider it an antipattern.

回答6:

With ES6 syntax, there's at least 2 methods to achieve this:

• Spread Operator
• Reflect.construct

var comps = [ 2008, 10, 8, 00, 16, 34, 254 ];

// with the spread operator
var d1 = new Date(...comps);

// with Reflect.construct
var d2 = Reflect.construct(Date, comps);

console.log('d1:', d1, '\nd2:', d2);
// or more readable:
console.log(`d1: ${d1}\nd2: ${d2}`);

回答7:

It will work with ES6 spread operator. You simply:

const arr = [2018, 6, 15, 12, 30, 30, 500];
const date = new Date(...arr);

console.log(date);

回答8:

You can do it with flagrant, flagrant abuse of eval:

var newwrapper = function (constr, args) {
  var argHolder = {"c": constr};
  for (var i=0; i < args.length; i++) {
    argHolder["$" + i] = args[i];
  }

  var newStr = "new (argHolder['c'])(";
  for (var i=0; i < args.length; i++) {
    newStr += "argHolder['$" + i + "']";
    if (i != args.length - 1) newStr += ", ";
  }
  newStr += ");";

  return eval(newStr);
}

sample usage:

function Point(x,y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
}
var p = __new(Point, [10, 20]);
alert(p.x); //10
alert(p instanceof Point); //true

enjoy =).

回答9:

function gettime()
{
    var q = new Date;
    arguments.length && q.setTime( ( arguments.length === 1
        ? typeof arguments[0] === 'number' ? arguments[0] : Date.parse( arguments[0] )
        : Date.UTC.apply( null, arguments ) ) + q.getTimezoneOffset() * 60000 );
    return q;
};

gettime(2003,8,16)

gettime.apply(null,[2003,8,16])

回答10:

I know it's been a long time, but I have the real answer to this question. This is far from impossible. See https://gist.github.com/747650 for a generic solution.

var F = function(){};
F.prototype = Date.prototype;
var d = new F();
Date.apply(d, comps);

回答11:

Here is another solution:

function createInstance(Constructor, args){
    var TempConstructor = function(){};
    TempConstructor.prototype = Constructor.prototype;
    var instance = new TempConstructor;
    var ret = Constructor.apply(instance, args);
    return ret instanceof Object ? ret : instance;
}

console.log( createInstance(Date, [2008, 10, 8, 00, 16, 34, 254]) )

回答12:

Edited

Sorry, I was sure I made it that way years ago, right now I'll stick to:

var d = new Date(comps[0],comps[1],comps[2],comps[3],comps[4],comps[5],comps[6]);

Edit:

But do remember that a javascript Date-object uses indexes for months, so the above array means

November 8 2008 00:16:34:254

回答13:

var comps = [ 2008, 10, 8, 00, 16, 34, 254 ];
var d = eval("new Date(" + comps.join(",") + ");");