numpy elementwise outer product

问题:

I want to do the element-wise outer product of two 2d arrays in numpy.

A.shape = (100, 3) # A numpy ndarray
B.shape = (100, 5) # A numpy ndarray

C = element_wise_outer_product(A, B) # A function that does the trick
C.shape = (100, 3, 5) # This should be the result
C[i] = np.outer(A[i], B[i]) # This should be the result

A naive implementation can the following.

tmp = []
for i in range(len(A):
    outer_product = np.outer(A[i], B[i])
    tmp.append(outer_product)
C = np.array(tmp)

A better solution inspired from stack overflow.

big_outer = np.multiply.outer(A, B)
tmp = np.swapaxes(tmp, 1, 2)
C_tmp = [tmp[i][i] for i in range(len(A)]
C = np.array(C_tmp)

I'm looking for a vectorized implementation that gets rid the for loop. Does anyone have an idea? Thank you!

回答1:

Extend A and B to 3D keeping their first axis aligned and introducing new axes along the third and second ones respectively with None/np.newaxis and then multiply with each other. This would allow broadcasting to come into play for a vectorized solution.

Thus, an implementation would be -

A[:,:,None]*B[:,None,:]

We could shorten it a bit by using ellipsis for A's : :,: and skip listing the leftover last axis with B, like so -

A[...,None]*B[:,None]

---

As another vectorized approach we could also use np.einsum, which might be more intuitive once we get past the string notation syntax and consider those notations being representatives of the iterators involved in a naive loopy implementation, like so -

np.einsum('ij,ik->ijk',A,B)