XML Parsing - Read a Simple XML File and Retrieve

问题:

I've written a Task Scheduling program for learning purposes. Currently I'm saving the scheduled tasks just as plain text and then parsing it using Regex. This looks messy (code wise) and is not very coherent.

I would like to load the scheduled tasks from an XML file instead, I've searched quite a bit to find some solutions but I couldn't get it to work how I wanted.

I wrote an XML file structured like this to store my data in:

<Tasks>
    <Task>
        <Name>Shutdown</Name>
        <Location>C:/WINDOWS/system32/shutdown.exe</Location>
        <Arguments>-s -f -t 30</Arguments>
        <RunWhen>
            <Time>8:00:00 a.m.</Time>
            <Date>18/03/2011</Date>
            <Days>
                <Monday>false</Monday>
                <Tuesday>false</Tuesday>
                <Wednesday>false</Wednesday>
                <Thursday>false</Thursday>
                <Friday>false</Friday>
                <Saturday>false</Saturday>
                <Sunday>false</Sunday>
                <Everyday>true</Everyday>
                <RunOnce>false</RunOnce>
            </Days>
        </RunWhen>
        <Enabled>true</Enabled>
    </Task>
</Tasks>

The way I'd like to parse the data is like so:

1. Open Tasks.xml
2. Load the first Task tag.
3. In that task retrieve the values of the Name, Location and Arguments tags.
4. Then open the RunWhen tag and retrieve the values of the Time and Date tags.
5. After that open the Days tag and retrieve the value of each individual tag within.
6. Retrieve the value of Enabled.
7. Load the next task and repeat steps 3 -> 7 until all the Task tags in Tasks have been parsed.

I'm very sure you can do it this way I just can't work it out as there are so many different ways to do things in XML I got a bit overwhelmed. But what I've go so far is that I would most likely be using XPathDocument and XPathNodeIterator right?

If someone can show me an example or explain to me how this would be done I would be very happy.

回答1:

Easy way to parse the xml is to use the LINQ to XML

for example you have the following xml file

<library>
    <track id="1" genre="Rap" time="3:24">
        <name>Who We Be RMX (feat. 2Pac)</name>
        <artist>DMX</artist>
        <album>The Dogz Mixtape: Who's Next?!</album>
    </track>
    <track id="2" genre="Rap" time="5:06">
        <name>Angel (ft. Regina Bell)</name>
        <artist>DMX</artist>
        <album>...And Then There Was X</album>
    </track>
    <track id="3" genre="Break Beat" time="6:16">
        <name>Dreaming Your Dreams</name>
        <artist>Hybrid</artist>
        <album>Wide Angle</album>
    </track>
    <track id="4" genre="Break Beat" time="9:38">
        <name>Finished Symphony</name>
        <artist>Hybrid</artist>
        <album>Wide Angle</album>
    </track>
<library>

For reading this file, you can use the following code:

public void Read(string  fileName)
{
    XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(fileName);

    foreach (XElement el in doc.Root.Elements())
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", el.Name, el.Attribute("id").Value);
        Console.WriteLine("  Attributes:");
        foreach (XAttribute attr in el.Attributes())
            Console.WriteLine("    {0}", attr);
        Console.WriteLine("  Elements:");

        foreach (XElement element in el.Elements())
            Console.WriteLine("    {0}: {1}", element.Name, element.Value);
    }
}

回答2:

I usually use XmlDocument for this. The interface is pretty straight forward:

var doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml(xmlString);

You can access nodes similar to a dictionary:

var tasks = doc["Tasks"];

and loop over all children of a node.

回答3:

Try XmlSerialization

try this

[Serializable]
public class Task
{
    public string Name{get; set;}
    public string Location {get; set;}
    public string Arguments {get; set;}
    public DateTime RunWhen {get; set;}
}

public void WriteXMl(Task task)
{
    XmlSerializer serializer;
    serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Task));

    MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();

    StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(stream, Encoding.Unicode);
    serializer.Serialize(writer, task);

    int count = (int)stream.Length;

     byte[] arr = new byte[count];
     stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

     stream.Read(arr, 0, count);

     using (BinaryWriter binWriter=new BinaryWriter(File.Open(@"C:\Temp\Task.xml", FileMode.Create)))
     {
         binWriter.Write(arr);
     }
 }

 public Task GetTask()
 {
     StreamReader stream = new StreamReader(@"C:\Temp\Task.xml", Encoding.Unicode);
     return (Task)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
 }

回答4:

Are you familiar with the DataSet class?

The DataSet can also load XML documents and you may find it easier to iterate.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.dataset.readxml.aspx

DataSet dt = new DataSet();
dt.ReadXml(@"c:\test.xml");

回答5:

class Program
{

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {

        //Load XML from local
        string sourceFileName="";
        string element=string.Empty;
        var FolderPath=@"D:\Test\RenameFileWithXmlAttribute";

            string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(FolderPath, "*.xml");
            foreach (string xmlfile in files)
            {
                try
                {
                    sourceFileName = xmlfile;
                    XElement xele = XElement.Load(sourceFileName);
                    string convertToString = xele.ToString();
                    XElement parseXML = XElement.Parse(convertToString);
                    element = parseXML.Descendants("Meta").Where(x => (string)x.Attribute("name") == "XMLTAG").Last().Value;
                    DirectoryInfo CurrentDate = Directory.CreateDirectory(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
                    string saveWithThisName= Path.Combine(CurrentDate.FullName, element);
                    File.Copy(sourceFileName, saveWithThisName,true);                      
                }
                catch(Exception ex)
                {

                }      
            }       
    }
}