How do I activate a virtualenv inside PyCharm'

问题:

I've set up PyCharm, created my virtualenv (either through the virtual env command, or directly in PyCharm) and activated that environment as my Interpreter. Everything is working just fine.

However, if I open a terminal using "Tools, Open Terminal", the shell prompt supplied is not using the virtual env; I still have to use source ~/envs/someenv/bin/activate within that Terminal to activate it.

Another method is to activate the environment in a shell, and run PyCharm from that environment. This is "workable" but pretty ugly, and means I have major problems if I switch environments or projects from PyCharm: I'm now using the totally-wrong environment.

Is there some other, much-easier way to have "Tools, Open Terminal" automatically activate the virtual environment?

回答1:

Edit:

According to https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/whatsnew/#v2016-3-venv-in-terminal, PyCharm 2016.3 (released Nov 2016) has virutalenv support for terminals out of the box

Auto virtualenv is supported for bash, zsh, fish, and Windows cmd. You can customize your shell preference in Settings (Preferences) | Tools | Terminal.

---

Old Method:

Create a file .pycharmrc in your home folder with the following contents

source ~/.bashrc
source ~/pycharmvenv/bin/activate

Using your virtualenv path as the last parameter.

Then set the shell Preferences->Project Settings->Shell path to

/bin/bash --rcfile ~/.pycharmrc

回答2:

Update:

The preferences in Settings (Preferences) | Tools | Terminal are global.
If you use a venv for each project, remember to use current path variable and a default venv name:

"cmd.exe" /k ""%CD%\venv\Scripts\activate"" 

---

For Windows users: when using PyCharm with a virtual environment, you can use the /K parameter to cmd.exe to set the virtual environment automatically.

PyCharm 3 or 4: Settings, Terminal, Default shell and add /K <path-to-your-activate.bat>.

PyCharm 5: Settings, Tools, Terminal, and add /K <path-to-your-activate.bat> to Shell path.

PyCharm 2016.1 or 2016.2: Settings, Tools, Terminal, and add ""/K <path-to-your-activate.bat>"" to Shell path and add (mind the quotes). Also add quotes around cmd.exe, resulting in:

"cmd.exe" /k ""C:\mypath\my-venv\Scripts\activate.bat""

回答3:

For Windows users when using PyCharm and a virtual environment under Windows, you can use the /k parameter to cmd.exe to set the virtual environment automatically.

Go to Settings, Terminal, Default shell and add /K <path-to-your-activate.bat>.

I don't have the reputation to comment on the earlier response so posting this corrected version. This really saves a LOT of time.

Update:

Note: Pycharm now supports virtual environments directly and it seems to work well for me - so my workaround not needed anymore.

回答4:

Based on answers from Peter and experimentation, I've come up with a good "general solution", which solves the following:

• Restores the behaviour of a login shell. PyCharm normally runs a login shell, but --rcfile stopped this happening. Script still uses --rcfile, but attempts to emulate the INVOCATION behaviour of a login shell.
• Removes the need to create an rcfile for each environment
• Removes the need to update the project settings if you change the environment.

Drop this script into a bin directory somewhere. E.g. ~/bin/pycharmactivate

if [ -r "/etc/profile" ] ; then . /etc/profile ; fi
if [ -r "~/.bash_profile" ] ; then
    . ~/.bash_profile
elif [ -r "~/.bash_login" ] ; then
    . ~/.bash_login
elif [ -r "~/.profile" ] ; then
    . ~/.profile
fi
ACTIVATERC=`cat .idea/workspace.xml | perl -n -e 'print "\$1/bin/activate" if m:option name="SDK_HOME" value="\\\$USER_HOME\\\$(.*)/bin/python":'`
if [ -n "$ACTIVATERC" ] ; then . "$HOME/$ACTIVATERC" ; else echo "Could not find virtualenv from PyCharm" ; fi

Then set PyCharm's Shell path to:

/bin/bash --rcfile ~/bin/pycharmactivate

回答5:

Thanks Chris, your script worked for some projects but not all on my machine. Here is a script that I wrote and I hope anyone finds it useful.

#Stored in ~/.pycharmrc 

ACTIVATERC=$(python -c 'import re
import os
from glob import glob

try:
  #sets Current Working Directory to _the_projects .idea folder
  os.chdir(os.getcwd()+"/.idea") 

  #gets every file in the cwd and sets _the_projects iml file
  for file in glob("*"): 
    if re.match("(.*).iml", file):
      project_iml_file = file

  #gets _the_virtual_env for _the_project
  for line in open(project_iml_file):
    env_name = re.findall("~/(.*)\" jdkType", line.strip())
    # created or changed a virtual_env after project creation? this will be true
    if env_name:
      print env_name[0] + "/bin/activate"
      break

    inherited = re.findall("type=\"inheritedJdk\"", line.strip())
    # set a virtual_env during project creation? this will be true
    if inherited:
      break

  # find _the_virtual_env in misc.xml
  if inherited:
    for line in open("misc.xml").readlines():
      env_at_project_creation = re.findall("\~/(.*)\" project-jdk", line.strip())
      if env_at_project_creation:
        print env_at_project_creation[0] + "/bin/activate"
        break
finally:
  pass
')

if [ "$ACTIVATERC" ] ; then . "$HOME/$ACTIVATERC" ; fi

回答6:

PyCharm 4 now has virtualenvs integrated in the IDE. When selecting your project interpreter, you can create, add, or select a virtualenv. They've added a "Python Console" that runs in the configured project interpreter.

More info here.

回答7:

I have viewed all of the answers above but none of them is elegant enough for me. In Pycharm 2017.1.3(in my computer), the easiest way is to open Settings->Tools->Terminal and check Shell integration and Activate virtualenv options.

回答8:

If You are using windows version it is quite easy. If you already have the virtual environment just navigate to its folder, find activate.bat inside Scripts folder. copy it's full path and paste it in pycharm's terminal then press Enter and you're done!

If you need to create new virtual environment :

Go to files > settings then search for project interpreter, open it, click on gear button and create the environment wherever you want and then follow first paragraph.

回答9:

On Mac it's PyCharm => Preferences... => Tools => Terminal => Activate virtualenv, which should be enabled by default.

回答10:

I just added a script named pycharmactivate to my home directory. Set value of PyCharm (4.0.1) File > Settings > Tools > Terminal > Shell path to /bin/bash --rcfile ~/pycharmactivate. Maybe not the best solution incase you have different project and virtualenv directories/names but it works for me. This script contains the following 3 lines and assumes your virtualenv has the same name as your project dir.

source ~/.bashrc
projectdir=${PWD##*/}
source ~/.virtualenvs/$projectdir/bin/activate

回答11:

Following up on Peter's answer, here the Mac version of the .pycharmrc file:

source /etc/profile
source ~/.bash_profile
source  <venv_dir>/bin/activate

Hen

回答12:

I have a solution that worked on my Windows 7 machine.

I believe PyCharm's terminal is a result of it running cmd.exe, which will load the Windows PATH variable, and use the version of Python that it finds first within that PATH. To edit this variable, right click My Computer --> Properties --> Advanced System Settings --> Advanced tab --> Environment Variables... button. Within the System variables section, select and edit the PATH variable.

Here is the relevant part of my PATH before editing:

C:\Python27\;
C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\pip\;
C:\Python27\Scripts;
C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\bin;

...and after editing PATH (only 3 lines now):

C:[project_path]\virtualenv-Py2.7_Dj1.7\Lib\site-packages\pip;
C:[project_path]\virtualenvs\virtualenv-Py2.7_Dj1.7\Scripts;
C:[project_path]\virtualenvs\virtualenv-Py2.7_Dj1.7\Lib\site-packages\django\bin;

To test this, open a new windows terminal (Start --> type in cmd and hit Enter) and see if it's using your virtual environment. If that works, restart PyCharm and then test it out in PyCharm's terminal.

回答13:

this is what i am doing: create a activate_env.bat(windows,maybe .sh in linux) file in the source code folde:

/env_yourenvlocate/scripts/activate.bat

and another file deactivate_env.bat:

/env_yourenvlocate/scripts/deactivate.bat

everytime open the terminal window, just execute the bat file to activate/deactivate the virtualenv, you will stay in source code path, no need to change path to and back.

E:\Projects\django_study\src>active_env.bat

E:\Projects\django_study\src>../env_django_study/scripts/activate.bat
(env_django_study) E:\Projects\django_study\src>



(env_django_study) E:\Projects\django_study\src>deactive_env.bat

(env_django_study)E:\Projects\django_study\src>../env_django_study/scripts/deactivate.bat
E:\Projects\django_study\src>

回答14:

If your Pycharm 2016.1.4v and higher you should use "default path" /K "<path-to-your-activate.bat>" don't forget quotes

回答15:

Another alternative is to use virtualenvwrapper to manage your virtual environments. It appears that once the virtualenvwrapper script is activated, pycharm can use that and then the simple workon command will be available from the pycharm console and present you with the available virtual environments:

kevin@debian:~/Development/django-tutorial$ workon
django-tutorial
FlaskHF
SQLAlchemy
themarkdownapp
kevin@debian:~/Development/django-tutorial$ workon django-tutorial
(django-tutorial)kevin@debian:~/Development/django-tutorial$ 

回答16:

This method should work with arbitrary virtual environments per project and it doesn't make assumptions on your environment as it is using hooks you create.

You write:

• A global script that invokes the hook
• A hook script per PyCharm project (not mandatory)

Given that the current latest PyCharm (Community 2016.1) does not allow for Terminal settings per project start with the script that invokes the project specific hook. This is my ~/.pycharmrc:

if [ -r ".pycharm/term-activate" ]; then
   echo "Terminal activation hook detected."
   echo "Loading Bash profile..."
   source ~/.bash_profile
   echo "Activating terminal hook..."
   source ".pycharm/term-activate"
   source activate $PYCHARM_VENV
fi

If you are using something other than Bash, invoke your own .bash_profile equivalent should you wish to.

Now set your PyCharm "Tools -> Terminal -> Shell Path" to invoke this script, e.g.: /bin/bash --rcfile ~/.pycharmrc

Finally, for every PyCharm project you need a specific virtual environment activated, create a file within the PyCharm project root .pycharm/term-activate. This is your hook and it will simply define the name of the desired virtual environment for your PyCharm project:

export PYCHARM_VENV=<your-virtual-env-name>

You can of course extend your hooks with anything you find useful in the terminal environment of your particular PyCharm project.

回答17:

For conda virtual environments on Windows, make sure your batch file is NOT named activate.bat as this will cause a conflict with the conda activate command, resulting in a recursive calling of the batch file.

What works for me is the following Shell path:

"cmd.exe" /k ""C:\FullPathToYourProject\activate-env.bat""

And in the activate-env.bat file:

call activate myenvname

回答18:

I wanted a separate virtual environment for each project, and didn't care much for having additional files to facilitate this. A solution which you only need to do once and works for all projects is then adding the following to your .bashrc or .bash_profile:

if [ -d "./venv" ]; then
    source ./venv/bin/activate
fi

This checks if there is a virtual environment where the terminal is being opened, and if so activates it (and of course other relative paths could be used). PyCharm's terminal settings can be left as their default.

回答19:

PyCharm 4.5.4

Create a file .pycharmrc in your home folder with the following contents

source ~/.bashrc
source ~/pycharmvenv/bin/activate

Using your virtualenv path as the last parameter.

Then set the shell Preferences->Project Settings->Shell path to

/bin/bash --rcfile ~/.pycharmrc

I don't why, but it doesn't work for me. PyCharm prints an error.

cmd.exe /K "<path-to-your-activate.bat>" It works, but it creates the same virtualenv for each project, and even if this is not necessary.

This receipt is working! But the string /env_yourenvlocate/scripts/activate.bat must contain quotes, like this "Full_path_to_your_env_locate\scripts\activate.bat"!

Deactivate the virtualenv is very easy - type in the terminal 'deactivate'

(virt_env) D:\Projects\src>deactivate
D:\Projects\src>

回答20:

Solution for WSL (Ubuntu on Windows)

If you're using WSL (Ubuntu on Windows), you can also open bash as terminal in pycharm and activate a linux virtualenv.

Use a .pycharmrc file like described in Peter Gibson's answer; Add the .pycharmrc file to your home directory with following content:

source ~/.bashrc
source ~/path_to_virtualenv/bin/activate

In Pycharm File > Settings > Tools > Terminal add the following 'Shell path':

"C:/Windows/system32/bash.exe" -c "bash --rcfile ~/.pycharmrc"

Project specific virtualenv

The path to your virtualenv in .pycharmrc does not have to be absolute. You can set a project specific virtualenv by setting a relative path from your project directory. My virtualenv is always located in a 'venv' folder under my project directory, so my .pycharmrc file looks like this:

source ~/.bashrc
source ~/pycharmvenv/bin/activate #absolute path
source ./venv/bin/activate #relative path

BONUS: automatically open ssh tunnel to connect virtualenv as project interpreter

Add the following to your .pycharmrc file:

if [ $(ps -aux | grep -c 'ssh') -lt 2 ]; then
    sudo service ssh start 
fi

This checks if a ssh tunnel is already opened, and opens one otherwise. In File -> Settings -> Project -> Project Interpreter in Pycharm, add a new remote interpreter with following configuration:

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+-------+----+
| Name:                    | <Interpreter name>              |       |    |
| Select                   | 'SSH Credentials'               |       |    |
| Host:                    | 127.0.0.1                       | Port: | 22 |
| User:                    | <Linux username>                |       |    |
| Auth type:               | 'Password'                      |       |    |
| Password:                | <Linux password>                |       |    |
| Python interpreter path: | <Linux path to your virtualenv> |       |    |
| Python helpers path:     | <Set automatically>             |       |    |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+-------+----+

Now when you open your project, your bash automatically starts in your virtualenv, opens a ssh tunnel, and pycharm connects the virtualenv as remote interpreter.

warning: the last update in Windows automatically starts a SshBroker and SshProxy service on startup. These block the ssh tunnel from linux to windows. You can stop these services in Task Manager -> Services, after which everything will work again.

回答21:

One option you have when you enter the terminal > Run > Debug > Edit Configurations

select the appropriate conda environmnent.. Also when you create a new project - it asks to configure this location.

回答22:

If you have moved your project to another directory, you can set the new path via Settings dialog. And then you need to set this Project Interpreter in the Edit Configuration dialog.