WPF ContextMenu woes: How do I set the DataContext

问题:

I am having some trouble figuring out how to set the correct DataContext on a ContextMenu.

I have a collection of view models who are the source of an ItemsControl. Each view model has a collection of items which are also the source of another ItemsControl. Each item is used to draw image which has a ContextMenu. The MenuItems in that ContextMenu need to bind to a command on the view model, but the PlacementTarget of the ContextMenu is pointing to the individual item.

My Xaml looks something like this:

<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Markers"}>
    <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
        <DataTemplate>
            <ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Items}">
                <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                    <DataTemplate>
                        <Image>
                            <Image.ContextMenu>
                                <ContextMenu>
                                     <MenuItem Header="Edit" Command="{Binding EditCommand}" />
                                </ContextMenu>
                            </Image.ContextMenu>
                        </Image>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
            </ItemsControl>
        </DataTemplate>
    </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
</ItemsControl>

How can I set the DataContext of the ContextMenu to the item's corresponding parent view model?

回答1:

The ContextMenu is outside of the visual tree. Below is the xaml that should get you the datacontext:

<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Markers}" Tag="{Binding ElementName=outerControl, Path=DataContext}">
   ...
   <ContextMenu DataContext="{Binding Path=PlacementTarget.Tag, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}">
      <MenuItem Header="Edit"
                Command="{Binding EditCommand}" />
   </ContextMenu>
   ...
</ItemsControl>

This post explains how this works.

回答2:

You can use a markupextension:

using System;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Xaml;

[MarkupExtensionReturnType(typeof(ContentControl))]
public class RootObject : MarkupExtension
{
    public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        var rootObjectProvider = (IRootObjectProvider)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IRootObjectProvider));
        return rootObjectProvider?.RootObject;
    }
}

It lets you do:

<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Markers}">
   ...
   <ContextMenu DataContext="{Binding DataContext, Source={local:RootObject}}">
      <MenuItem Header="Edit"
                Command="{Binding EditCommand}" />
   </ContextMenu>
   ...
</ItemsControl>

回答3:

I don't like use Tag. I prefer attached property.

You need add attached property:

public static readonly DependencyProperty DataContextExProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("DataContextEx", typeof(Object), typeof(DependencyObjectAttached));

    public static Object GetDataContextEx(DependencyObject element)
    {
        return element.GetValue(DataContextExProperty);
    }

    public static void SetDataContextEx(DependencyObject element, Object value)
    {
        element.SetValue(DataContextExProperty, value);
    }

In XAML:

<Button attached:DependencyObjectAttached.DataContextEx="{Binding ElementName=MyDataContextElement, Path=DataContext}">
        <Button.ContextMenu>
            <ContextMenu DataContext="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=PlacementTarget.(attached:DependencyObjectAttached.DataContextEx)}">

            </ContextMenu>
        </Button.ContextMenu>
    </Button>