Q_OBJECT throwing 'undefined reference to vtab

问题:

This question already has answers here:

Qt Linker Error: “undefined reference to vtable” [duplicate] (9 answers)

Closed 6 years ago.

I'm using Qt Creator 2.0.1 with Qt 4.7.0 (32 bit) on Windows 7 Ultimate 32 bit.

Consider the following code, which is a minimum to produce the error:

class T : public QObject, public QGraphicsItem
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    T() {}

    QRectF      boundingRect() const {return QRectF();}
    void        paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
                      QWidget *widget) {}
};

int main()
{
    T t;
    return 0;
}

The above code fragment causes the following linker errors:

In function `T':

undefined reference to `vtable for T'

undefined reference to `vtable for T'

In function `~T':

undefined reference to `vtable for T'

undefined reference to `vtable for T'

If I comment out the line that contains Q_OBJECT, it compiles fine. I need signal and slots with QGraphicsItem so I need Q_OBJECT.

What is wrong with the code? Thanks.

回答1:

It is because the unit generated by MOC isn't included in the linking process. Or maybe it isn't generated at all. The first thing I'd do is to put the class declaration in a separate header file, perhaps the build system isn't scanning implementation files.

Another possibility is that the class in question once didn't belong to Qt meta object system (that is, it had no Q_OBJECT or maybe didn't inherit from QObject at all), so qmake needs to be run again in order to create the necessary rules for MOC. The easiest way to force qmake to be run is to make some insignificant changes to the project file to update its timestamp, like adding and then removing some white space. Or, if you're using Qt Creator, then just select “Run qmake” from the project context menu.

回答2:

If you want to define a QObject subclass in a source file then you need to add the line

#include "file.moc"

at some point after your class definition where the name of the source file was file.cpp. You will need to re-run qmake of course so that the appropriate rule to run moc gets added to the Makefile.

Only when in a header file does the presence of Q_OBJECT in a class definition cause moc to be invoked. If it's a source file you need this extra line to force moc to be used.

I'm sure a similar question has been asked before but I couldn't find it.

回答3:

Put your Q_OBJECT classes in separate files. That is one .h and one .cpp for each class. Qt's meta-object macros are kind of picky in this regard.

Also, you can use QGraphicsObject for your purpose. Saves you some time there.

Edit: I see you are using Creator. Use its New C++ Class function in New File or Project to create the file in the "right way" :)

回答4:

Here is working code added with all fixes provided in other questions (Tried clean compiling and these fixes help):

#include <QGraphicsItem>

class T : public QObject, public QGraphicsItem
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_INTERFACES(QGraphicsItem) //Required.

public:
    T() {}
    QRectF      boundingRect() const {return QRectF();}
    void        paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
                      QWidget *widget) {}
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    T *t = new T;
    return 0;
}

#include "main.moc" // Required.

So actual credit to Troubadour and serge_gubenko

回答5:

there are couple of thing to look at:

1. Add QT += gui in your pro file
2. Make sure you define your QObject-derived classes in your header files only (edit: as Troubadour noted, this is not required)
3. Add Q_INTERFACES(QGraphicsItem) to the declaration of your T class

below is an example:

t.h:

class T : public QObject, public QGraphicsItem
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_INTERFACES(QGraphicsItem)

public:
    T();
    QRectF boundingRect() const;
    void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget);
};

t.cpp:

T::T() {}

QRectF T::boundingRect() const
{
    return QRectF();
}

void T::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)
{
    Q_UNUSED(painter);
    Q_UNUSED(option);
    Q_UNUSED(widget);
}

I've tried compiling the code above and didn't have problems with it.

hope this helps, regards