How to check whether a string contains a substring

问题:

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Usually I would expect a String.contains() method, but there doesn't seem to be one.

What is a reasonable way to check for this?

回答1:

ECMAScript 6 introduced String.prototype.includes:

var string = "foo",
    substring = "oo";

console.log(string.includes(substring));

includes doesn’t have Internet Explorer support, though. In ECMAScript 5 or older environments, use String.prototype.indexOf, which returns -1 when a substring cannot be found:

var string = "foo",
    substring = "oo";

console.log(string.indexOf(substring) !== -1);

回答2:

There is a String.prototype.includes in ES6:

"potato".includes("to");
> true

Note that this does not work in Internet Explorer or some other old browsers with no or incomplete ES6 support. To make it work in old browsers, you may wish to use a transpiler like Babel, a shim library like es6-shim, or this polyfill from MDN:

if (!String.prototype.includes) {
  String.prototype.includes = function(search, start) {
    'use strict';
    if (typeof start !== 'number') {
      start = 0;
    }

    if (start + search.length > this.length) {
      return false;
    } else {
      return this.indexOf(search, start) !== -1;
    }
  };
}

回答3:

Another alternative is KMP (Knuth–Morris–Pratt).

The KMP algorithm searches for a length-m substring in a length-n string in worst-case O(n+m) time, compared to a worst case of O(n⋅m) for the naive algorithm, so using KMP may be reasonable if you care about worst-case time complexity.

Here's a JavaScript implementation by Project Nayuki, taken from https://www.nayuki.io/res/knuth-morris-pratt-string-matching/kmp-string-matcher.js:

// Searches for the given pattern string in the given text string using the Knuth-Morris-Pratt string matching algorithm.
// If the pattern is found, this returns the index of the start of the earliest match in 'text'. Otherwise -1 is returned.

function kmpSearch(pattern, text) {
  if (pattern.length == 0)
    return 0; // Immediate match

  // Compute longest suffix-prefix table
  var lsp = [0]; // Base case
  for (var i = 1; i < pattern.length; i++) {
    var j = lsp[i - 1]; // Start by assuming we're extending the previous LSP
    while (j > 0 && pattern.charAt(i) != pattern.charAt(j))
      j = lsp[j - 1];
    if (pattern.charAt(i) == pattern.charAt(j))
      j++;
    lsp.push(j);
  }

  // Walk through text string
  var j = 0; // Number of chars matched in pattern
  for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
    while (j > 0 && text.charAt(i) != pattern.charAt(j))
      j = lsp[j - 1]; // Fall back in the pattern
    if (text.charAt(i) == pattern.charAt(j)) {
      j++; // Next char matched, increment position
      if (j == pattern.length)
        return i - (j - 1);
    }
  }
  return -1; // Not found
}

console.log(kmpSearch('ays', 'haystack') != -1) // true
console.log(kmpSearch('asdf', 'haystack') != -1) // false

回答4:

test.indexof("title") !=-1

This code is unreadable (what the heck does '!=-1' means?). Just use String.search. It may fully match to your purpose and also is good for a readability.

test.search(/title/)

will return true/false.

A regular expression uses many resources. But most of the time, readability is more important.