Event binding on dynamically created elements?

问题:

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I have a bit of code where I am looping through all the select boxes on a page and binding a .hover event to them to do a bit of twiddling with their width on mouse on/off.

This happens on page ready and works just fine.

The problem I have is that any select boxes I add via Ajax or DOM after the initial loop won't have the event bound.

I have found this plugin (jQuery Live Query Plugin), but before I add another 5k to my pages with a plugin, I want to see if anyone knows a way to do this, either with jQuery directly or by another option.

回答1:

As of jQuery 1.7 you should use jQuery.fn.on:

$(staticAncestors).on(eventName, dynamicChild, function() {});

---

Prior to this, the recommended approach was to use live():

$(selector).live( eventName, function(){} );

However, live() was deprecated in 1.7 in favour of on(), and completely removed in 1.9. The live() signature:

$(selector).live( eventName, function(){} );

... can be replaced with the following on() signature:

$(document).on( eventName, selector, function(){} );

---

For example, if your page was dynamically creating elements with the class name dosomething you would bind the event to a parent which already exists (this is the nub of the problem here, you need something that exists to bind to, don't bind to the dynamic content), this can be (and the easiest option) is document. Though bear in mind document may not be the most efficient option.

$(document).on('mouseover mouseout', '.dosomething', function(){
    // what you want to happen when mouseover and mouseout 
    // occurs on elements that match '.dosomething'
});

Any parent that exists at the time the event is bound is fine. For example

$('.buttons').on('click', 'button', function(){
    // do something here
});

would apply to

<div class="buttons">
    <!-- <button>s that are generated dynamically and added here -->
</div>

回答2:

There is a good explanation in the documentation of jQuery.fn.on.

In short:

Event handlers are bound only to the currently selected elements; they must exist on the page at the time your code makes the call to .on().

Thus in the following example #dataTable tbody tr must exist before the code is generated.

$("#dataTable tbody tr").on("click", function(event){
    console.log($(this).text());
});

If new HTML is being injected into the page, it is preferable to use delegated events to attach an event handler, as described next.

Delegated events have the advantage that they can process events from descendant elements that are added to the document at a later time. For example, if the table exists, but the rows are added dynamically using code, the following will handle it:

$("#dataTable tbody").on("click", "tr", function(event){
    console.log($(this).text());
});

In addition to their ability to handle events on descendant elements which are not yet created, another advantage of delegated events is their potential for much lower overhead when many elements must be monitored. On a data table with 1,000 rows in its tbody, the first code example attaches a handler to 1,000 elements.

A delegated-events approach (the second code example) attaches an event handler to only one element, the tbody, and the event only needs to bubble up one level (from the clicked tr to tbody).

Note: Delegated events do not work for SVG.

回答3:

This is a pure JavaScript solution without any libraries or plugins:

document.addEventListener('click', function (e) {
    if (hasClass(e.target, 'bu')) {
        // .bu clicked
        // Do your thing
    } else if (hasClass(e.target, 'test')) {
        // .test clicked
        // Do your other thing
    }
}, false);

where hasClass is

function hasClass(elem, className) {
    return elem.className.split(' ').indexOf(className) > -1;
}

Live demo

Credit goes to Dave and Sime Vidas

Using more modern JS, hasClass can be implemented as:

function hasClass(elem, className) {
    return elem.classList.contains(className);
}

回答4:

You can add events to objects when you create them. If you are adding the same events to multiple objects at different times, creating a named function might be the way to go.

var mouseOverHandler = function() {
    // Do stuff
};
var mouseOutHandler = function () {
    // Do stuff
};

$(function() {
    // On the document load, apply to existing elements
    $('select').hover(mouseOverHandler, mouseOutHandler);
});

// This next part would be in the callback from your Ajax call
$("<select></select>")
    .append( /* Your <option>s */ )
    .hover(mouseOverHandler, mouseOutHandler)
    .appendTo( /* Wherever you need the select box */ )
;

回答5:

You could simply wrap your event binding call up into a function and then invoke it twice: once on document ready and once after your event that adds the new DOM elements. If you do that you'll want to avoid binding the same event twice on the existing elements so you'll need either unbind the existing events or (better) only bind to the DOM elements that are newly created. The code would look something like this:

function addCallbacks(eles){
    eles.hover(function(){alert("gotcha!")});
}

$(document).ready(function(){
    addCallbacks($(".myEles"))
});

// ... add elements ...
addCallbacks($(".myNewElements"))

回答6:

Try to use .live() instead of .bind(); the .live() will bind .hover to your checkbox after the Ajax request executes.

回答7:

Event binding on dynamically created elements

Single element:

$(document.body).on('click','.element', function(e) {  });

Child Element:

 $(document.body).on('click','.element *', function(e) {  });

Notice the added *. An event will be triggered for all children of that element.

I have noticed that:

$(document.body).on('click','.#element_id > element', function(e) {  });

It is not working any more, but it was working before. I have been using jQuery from Google CDN, but I don't know if they changed it.

回答8:

You can use the live() method to bind elements (even newly created ones) to events and handlers, like the onclick event.

Here is a sample code I have written, where you can see how the live() method binds chosen elements, even newly created ones, to events:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <title>Untitled Document</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script>
        <script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.ui/1.8.16/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>

        <input type="button" id="theButton" value="Click" />
        <script type="text/javascript">
            $(document).ready(function()
                {
                    $('.FOO').live("click", function (){alert("It Works!")});
                    var $dialog = $('<div></div>').html('<div id="container"><input type ="button" id="CUSTOM" value="click"/>This dialog will show every time!</div>').dialog({
                                                                                                         autoOpen: false,
                                                                                                         tite: 'Basic Dialog'
                                                                                                     });
                    $('#theButton').click(function()
                    {
                        $dialog.dialog('open');
                        return('false');
                    });
                    $('#CUSTOM').click(function(){
                        //$('#container').append('<input type="button" value="clickmee" class="FOO" /></br>');
                        var button = document.createElement("input");
                        button.setAttribute('class','FOO');
                        button.setAttribute('type','button');
                        button.setAttribute('value','CLICKMEE');
                        $('#container').append(button);
                    });
                    /* $('#FOO').click(function(){
                                                     alert("It Works!");
                                                 }); */
            });
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

回答9:

I prefer using the selector and I apply it on the document.

This binds itself on the document and will be applicable to the elements that will be rendered after page load.

For example:

$(document).on("click", $(selector), function() {
    // Your code here
});

回答10:

Another solution is to add the listener when creating the element. Instead of put the listener in the body, you put the listener in the element in the moment that you create it:

var myElement = $('<button/>', {
    text: 'Go to Google!'
});

myElement.bind( 'click', goToGoogle);
myElement.append('body');


function goToGoogle(event){
    window.location.replace("http://www.google.com");
}

回答11:

Take note of "MAIN" class the element is placed, for example,

<div class="container">
     <ul class="select">
         <li> First</li>
         <li>Second</li>
    </ul>
</div>

In the above scenario, the MAIN object the jQuery will watch is "container".

Then you will basically have elements names under container such as ul, li, and select:

$(document).ready(function(e) {
    $('.container').on( 'click',".select", function(e) {
        alert("CLICKED");
    });
 });

回答12:

You can attach event to element when dynamically created using jQuery(html, attributes).

As of jQuery 1.8, any jQuery instance method (a method of jQuery.fn) can be used as a property of the object passed to the second parameter:

function handleDynamicElementEvent(event) {
  console.log(event.type, this.value)
}
// create and attach event to dynamic element
jQuery("<select>", {
    html: $.map(Array(3), function(_, index) {
      return new Option(index, index)
    }),
    on: {
      change: handleDynamicElementEvent
    }
  })
  .appendTo("body");

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js">
</script>

回答13:

Try like this way -

$(document).on( 'click', '.click-activity', function () { ... });

回答14:

you could use

$('.buttons').on('click', 'button', function(){
    // your magic goes here
});

or

$('.buttons').delegate('button', 'click', function() {
    // your magic goes here
});

these two methods are equivalent but have a different order of parameters.

see: jQuery Delegate Event

回答15:

This is done by event delegation. Event will bind on wrapper-class element but will be delegated to selector-class element. This is how it works.

$('.wrapper-class').on("click", '.selector-class', function() {
    // Your code here
});

Note:

wrapper-class element can be anything ex. document, body or your wrapper. Wrapper should already exist. However, selector doesn't necessarily needs to be presented at page loading time. It may come later and the event will bind on selector without fail.

回答16:

Here is why dynamically created elements do not respond to clicks :

var body = $("body");
var btns = $("button");
var btnB = $("<button>B</button>");
// `<button>B</button>` is not yet in the document.
// Thus, `$("button")` gives `[<button>A</button>]`.
// Only `<button>A</button>` gets a click listener.
btns.on("click", function () {
  console.log(this);
});
// Too late for `<button>B</button>`...
body.append(btnB);

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<button>A</button>

As a workaround, you have to listen to all clicks and check the source element :

var body = $("body");
var btnB = $("<button>B</button>");
var btnC = $("<button>C</button>");
// Listen to all clicks and
// check if the source element
// is a `<button></button>`.
body.on("click", function (ev) {
  if ($(ev.target).is("button")) {
    console.log(ev.target);
  }
});
// Now you can add any number
// of `<button></button>`.
body.append(btnB);
body.append(btnC);

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<button>A</button>

This is called "Event Delegation". Good news, it's a builtin feature in jQuery :-)

var i = 11;
var body = $("body");
body.on("click", "button", function () {
  var letter = (i++).toString(36).toUpperCase();
  body.append($("<button>" + letter + "</button>"));
});

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<button>A</button>

回答17:

Any parent that exists at the time the event is bound and if your page was dynamically creating elements with the class name button you would bind the event to a parent which already exists

$(document).ready(function(){
  //Particular Parent chield click
  $(".buttons").on("click","button",function(){
    alert("Clicked");
  });  
  
  //Dynamic event bind on button class  
  $(document).on("click",".button",function(){
    alert("Dymamic Clicked");
  });
  $("input").addClass("button");  
});

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="buttons">
  <input type="button" value="1">
  <button>2</button>
  <input type="text">
  <button>3</button>  
  <input type="button" value="5">  
  </div>
<button>6</button>

回答18:

Bind the event to a parent which already exists:

$(document).on("click", "selector", function() {
    // Your code here
});

回答19:

Use the .on() method of jQuery http://api.jquery.com/on/ to attach event handlers to live element.

Also as of version 1.9 .live() method is removed.

回答20:

I prefer to have event listeners deployed in a modular function fashion rather than scripting a document level event listener. So, I do like below. Note, you can't oversubscribe an element with the same event listener so don't worry about attaching a listener more than once - only one sticks.

var iterations = 4;
var button;
var body = document.querySelector("body");

for (var i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
    button = document.createElement("button");
    button.classList.add("my-button");
    button.appendChild(document.createTextNode(i));
    button.addEventListener("click", myButtonWasClicked);
    body.appendChild(button);
}

function myButtonWasClicked(e) {
    console.log(e.target); //access to this specific button
}

回答21:

Another flexible solution to create elements and bind events (source)

// creating a dynamic element (container div)
var $div = $("<div>", {id: 'myid1', class: 'myclass'});

//creating a dynamic button
 var $btn = $("<button>", { type: 'button', text: 'Click me', class: 'btn' });

// binding the event
 $btn.click(function () { //for mouseover--> $btn.on('mouseover', function () {
    console.log('clicked');
 });

// append dynamic button to the dynamic container
$div.append($btn);

// add the dynamically created element(s) to a static element
$("#box").append($div);

Note: This will create an event handler instance for each element (may affect performance when used in loops)

回答22:

<html>
    <head>
        <title>HTML Document</title>
        <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div id="hover-id">
            Hello World
        </div>

        <script>
            jQuery(document).ready(function($){
                $(document).on('mouseover', '#hover-id', function(){
                    $(this).css('color','yellowgreen');
                });

                $(document).on('mouseout', '#hover-id', function(){
                    $(this).css('color','black');
                });
            });
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

回答23:

I was looking a solution to get $.bind and $.unbind working without problems in dynamically added elements.

As on() makes the trick to attach events, in order to create a fake unbind on those I came to:

const sendAction = function(e){ ... }
// bind the click
$('body').on('click', 'button.send', sendAction );

// unbind the click
$('body').on('click', 'button.send', function(){} );