Rails Rspec error - undefined method `visit'

问题:

So I'm new to TDD & I'm throwing some Rspec errors here on my tests...Basically after running bundle exec rspec spec, I get an undefined method 'visit' error on some of my specs. Any help on how to make these tests pass would be much appreciated: Thanks.

Failures:

1) User pages profile page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit user_path(user) }
 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `visit' for # <RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_2::Nested_1:0x007ffda8049540>
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

2) User pages profile page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit user_path(user) }
 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `visit' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_2::Nested_1:0x007ffda4f3ac38>
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

3) User pages signup page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit signup_path }
 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `visit' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_2::Nested_2:0x007ffda8262e58>
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:16:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

4) User pages signup page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit signup_path }
 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `visit' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_2::Nested_2:0x007ffda82663c8>
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:16:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 9.08 seconds
24 examples, 4 failures

Failed examples:

rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:11 # User pages profile page 
rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:12 # User pages profile page 
rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:18 # User pages signup page 
rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:19 # User pages signup page 

My spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe "User pages" do

  subject { page }

  describe "profile page" do
    let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) } # Code to make a user variable
    before { visit user_path(user) }

    it { should have_selector('h1',    text: user.name) }
    it { should have_selector('title', text: user.name) }
  end

  describe "signup page" do
    before { visit signup_path }

    it { should have_selector('h1',    text: 'Sign up') }
    it { should have_selector('title', text: 'Sign up') }
  end
end

And my spec/models/user_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe User do

before do
  @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "[e-mail]",
                  password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
end

subject { @user }

it { should respond_to(:name) }
it { should respond_to(:email) }
it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
it { should respond_to(:password) }
it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
it { should respond_to(:authenticate) }

it { should be_valid }

describe "when name is not present" do
  before { @user.name = " " }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when email is not present" do
  before { @user.email = " " }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when name is too long" do
  before { @user.name = "a" * 51 }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when email format is invalid" do
  it "should be invalid" do
    addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user@foo.
                   foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com]
    addresses.each do |invalid_address|
      @user.email = invalid_address
      @user.should_not be_valid
    end      
  end
end

describe "when email format is valid" do
  it "should be valid" do
    addresses = %w[[e-mail] [e-mail] [e-mail] [e-mail]]
    addresses.each do |valid_address|
      @user.email = valid_address
      @user.should be_valid
    end      
  end
end

describe "when email address is already taken" do
  before do
    user_with_same_email = @user.dup
    user_with_same_email.email = @user.email.upcase
    user_with_same_email.save
  end
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when password is not present" do
  before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = " " }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "with a password that's too short" do
  before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 }
  it { should be_invalid }
end

describe "return value of authenticate method" do
  before { @user.save }
  let(:found_user) { User.find_by_email(@user.email) }

  describe "with valid password" do
    it { should == found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
  end

  describe "with invalid password" do
    let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }

    it { should_not == user_for_invalid_password }
    specify { user_for_invalid_password.should be_false }
  end
end 

describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
  before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when password confirmation is nil" do
  before { @user.password_confirmation = nil }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

end

And lastly my views/users/new.html.erb

<% provide(:title, 'Sign up') %>
<h1>Sign up</h1>
<p>Find me in app/views/users/new.html.erb</p>

and views/users/show.html.erb

<% provide(:title, @user.name) %>
<h1><%= @user.name %></h1>

& I've added my UsersController

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  def new
  end

  def show
   @user = User.find(params[:id])
  end
end

Also getting this new error now after fixing as per Billy's solution

Failures:

1) User pages signup page 
 Failure/Error: it { should have_selector('title', text: 'Sign up') }
 Capybara::ExpectationNotMet:
   expected to find css "title" with text "Sign up" but there were no matches. Also found "", which matched the selector but not all filters.
 # ./spec/features/user_pages_spec.rb:19:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

2) User pages profile page 
 Failure/Error: it { should have_selector('title', text: user.name) }
 Capybara::ExpectationNotMet:
   expected to find css "title" with text "Michael Hartl" but there were no matches. Also found "", which matched the selector but not all filters.
 # ./spec/features/user_pages_spec.rb:12:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 9.41 seconds
24 examples, 2 failures

Failed examples:

rspec ./spec/features/user_pages_spec.rb:19 # User pages signup page 
rspec ./spec/features/user_pages_spec.rb:12 # User pages profile page 

回答1:

The problem is here:

./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb

You put the Capybara integration tests in requests folder. That's why the method visit won't work.

To fix, just move all the tests from spec/requests to spec/features.

回答2:

This happens because you are trying to use the visit method from Capybara::DSL. If you check the documentation:

 Capybara is no longer supported in
 request specs as of Capybara 2.0.0. The recommended way to use Capybara is
 with feature specs.

To solve this problem you should move your tests to spec/features folder or include Capybara::DSL for the request specs:

#spec_helper.rb
RSpec.configure do |config|
  #...
  config.include Capybara::DSL, :type => :request