Make property of type and also conform to protocol

问题:

I would like to make a property that is of a certain type and also conforms to a protocol, which I would have done in Objective-C like this:

@property (nonatomic) UIViewController<CustomProtocol> *controller;

What I am looking for is to specify that the property can be set with an object of type UIViewController that also conforms to CustomProtocol, so that it's clear what the base class is. I know I could probably just use a short class stub to get the same results, i.e.

class CustomViewController : UIViewController, CustomProtocol {}

But this doesn't seem like the cleanest way to do it.

回答1:

I can't think of a good way to express this in Swift. The syntax for a type is:

type → array-type­ | dictionary-type­ | function-type­ | type-identifier­ | tuple-type­ | optional-type­ | implicitly-unwrapped-optional-type­ | protocol-composition-type­ | metatype-type­

What you're looking for would be a kind of protocol-combination-type that also accepts a base class. (Protocol-combination-type is protocol<Proto1, Proto2, Proto3, …>.) However, this is not currently possible.

Protocols with associated type requirements are allowed to have typealiases that specify a required base class and required protocols, but these also require the types to be known at compile-time, so it's unlikely to be a viable option for you.

If you're really into it, you can define a protocol with the parts of the interface of UIViewController that you use, use an extension to add conformance, and then use protocol<UIViewControllerProtocol, CustomProtocol>.

protocol UIViewControllerProtocol {
    func isViewLoaded() -> Bool
    var title: String? { get set }
    // any other interesting property/method
}

extension UIViewController: UIViewControllerProtocol {}

class MyClass {
    var controller: protocol<UIViewControllerProtocol, CustomProtocol>
}

回答2:

This is now possible using the built-in composition:

var children = [UIViewController & NavigationScrollable]()