对于Python中的循环功能(For Loop Functions in Python)

2019-10-31 01:51发布

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我使用的是刽子手的项目继续进行，我曾经遇到过一个问题，一个for循环，并在其内部执行的功能。 例如，如果你在一个名为“加拿大”级别按，然后按“B”，因为在加拿大有没有学士学位，应该吸取的刽子手的第一道防线。 这是我到目前为止已经完成： 

def hangman1():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (775, 250), (775, 50), (4))
def hangman2():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (750, 250), (800, 250), (4))
def hangman3():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (775, 50), (925, 50), (4))
def hangman4():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (925, 50), (925, 175), (4))
def hangman5():
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, black, (925, 100), 30, (0))
def hangman6():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (925, 125), (925, 200), (4))
def hangman7():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (885, 160), (965, 160), (4))
def hangman8():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (925, 200), (900, 225), (4))
def hangman9():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (925, 200), (950, 225), (4))

之后更多的代码... 

letters = list('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
a = font2.render(str(letters[0]), True, (black))
b = font2.render(str(letters[1]), True, (black))
c = font2.render(str(letters[2]), True, (black))
d = font2.render(str(letters[3]), True, (black))
e = font2.render(str(letters[4]), True, (black))
f = font2.render(str(letters[5]), True, (black))
g = font2.render(str(letters[6]), True, (black))
h = font2.render(str(letters[7]), True, (black))
i = font2.render(str(letters[8]), True, (black))
j = font2.render(str(letters[9]), True, (black))
k = font2.render(str(letters[10]), True, (black))
l = font2.render(str(letters[11]), True, (black))
m = font2.render(str(letters[12]), True, (black))
n = font2.render(str(letters[13]), True, (black))
o = font2.render(str(letters[14]), True, (black))
p = font2.render(str(letters[15]), True, (black))
q = font2.render(str(letters[16]), True, (black))
r = font2.render(str(letters[17]), True, (black))
s = font2.render(str(letters[18]), True, (black))
t = font2.render(str(letters[19]), True, (black))
u = font2.render(str(letters[20]), True, (black))
v = font2.render(str(letters[21]), True, (black))
w = font2.render(str(letters[22]), True, (black))
x = font2.render(str(letters[23]), True, (black))
y = font2.render(str(letters[24]), True, (black))
z = font2.render(str(letters[25]), True, (black))

然后... 

    hangman = [hangman1, hangman2, hangman3, hangman4, hangman5, hangman6, hangman7, hangman8, hangman9]
    for linebyline in hangman:

后来... 

                    elif b1.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        letter = letters[1]
                        check = country.count(letter)
                        if check >= 1:
                            if letter == letters[0]:
                                aPosition = 325, 235
                                a3 = screen.blit((a), (375, 235))
                                a4 = screen.blit((a), (425, 235))
                                a1.x, a1.y = -500, -500
                            elif letter == letters[2]:
                                cPosition = 300, 235
                                c1.x, c1.y = -500, -500
                            elif letter == letters[13]:
                                nPosition = 450, 235
                                n1.x, n1.y = -500, -500
                            elif letter == letters[3]:
                                dPosition = 600, 235
                                d1.x, d1.y = -500, -500
                        else:
                            b2 = font.render(str(letters[1]), True, (red))
                            screen.blit(b2, (485, 325))
                            linebyline()
                            time.sleep(0.5)
                            bPosition = -500, -500
                            b1.x, b1.y = -500, -500

当我按下B，它会变为红色，并在0.5秒内消失，但它并没有划清界线。 任何帮助吗？

编辑：我做了一些测试与其他模块和功能的东西可与打印普通文本完全没有问题。 但是，当我与绘图（pygame的）再次进行了测试，它的工作，但如果结合其他的东西（如time.sleep()它显示一个白色的屏幕。 当合并print图纸的事情不工作，但印刷一样。 另外，如果我添加了一个time.sleep(1)它会对恰恰就是个秒的黑屏，没有做别的事情。 这是我的测试代码： 

import pygame, sys, random, time
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1000, 700))
pygame.display.set_caption("Hangman: Countries")
black = 0, 0, 0
def hangman1():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (775, 250), (775, 50), (4))
    print 'test'
def hangman2():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (750, 250), (800, 250), (4))
    print 'test somethin'
def hangman3():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (775, 50), (925, 50), (4))
    print 'test something else'
def hangman4():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (925, 50), (925, 175), (4))
    print 'eggs'
def hangman5():
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, black, (925, 100), 30, (0))
    print 'hangman'
def hangman6():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (925, 125), (925, 200), (4))
    print 'facebook'
def hangman7():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (885, 160), (965, 160), (4))
    print 'internet'
def hangman8():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (925, 200), (900, 225), (4))
    print 'more tests'
def hangman9():
    pygame.draw.line(screen, black, (925, 200), (950, 225), (4))
    print 'cheese'

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()

    screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
    list1 = [hangman1(), hangman2(), hangman3(), hangman4(), hangman5(), hangman6(), hangman7(), hangman8(), hangman9()]
    for greet in list1:
        greet
        time.sleep(1)
    pygame.display.flip()

它打印在外壳的同时一堆话，然后9秒后，屏幕变成刽子手完全抽出，并在同一组词回来。 任何想法，与Pygame的经验，你的人？

Answer 1:

我刚才做了一个功能刽子手程序。 也许，看着这个逻辑将有所帮助：

忽略这个： 

#!/usr/bin/python

import string
alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase

# represents drawing routines
def hangman1():
    print(1)
def hangman2():
    print(2)
def hangman3():
    print(3)
# ignore this, never do this:
def myprint(x): #python2 hack, unnecessary in python3
    print(x)
for i in range(1,10):
    globals()['hangman{}'.format(i)] = lambda i=i: myprint('bodypart#{}'.format(i))

# ignore this
class EnumItem(object):
    def __init__(self, namespace, namespace_name, value):
        self.namespace = namespace
        self.namespace_name = namespace_name
        self.value = value
    def __repr__(self):
        return '{}.{}'.format(self.namespace_name, self.value)
class Enumeration(object):
    def __init__(self, prefix, names):
        prefix = prefix.upper().replace(' ','_')
        globals()[prefix] = self  #don't do this with locals()

        self.items = names
        for i,name in enumerate(names.strip().splitlines()):
            name = name.strip().upper().replace(' ','_')
            value = EnumItem(self, prefix, name)
            setattr(self, name, value)
            #globals()[name] = value  #optional, also don't do this with locals()

一些枚举： 

Enumeration('GAME_STATE', '''
    active 
    lost 
    won
''')
Enumeration('GUESS', '''
    invalid not a letter
    invalid already guessed
    correct
    correct win
    incorrect
    incorrect loss
''')

游戏逻辑 -看看这个部分，如果你有麻烦通过刽子手的规则思考（我遗漏了一些东西，使之与空间的运行完全正常，使之更容易理解）： 

class HangmanGame(object):
    MAX_INCORRECT_GUESSES = 10

    _bodyparts = [
        hangman1, hangman2, hangman3 #...
    ]

    def __init__(self, hidden_goal_phrase):
        self.phrase = hidden_goal_phrase.lower()    # e.g. batman
        self.revealed = '?'*len(hidden_goal_phrase) # e.g. ??????
        self.guessed = set()                        # e.g. {'b', 't'}
        self.num_incorrect_guesses = 0
        self.game_state = GAME_STATE.ACTIVE

    def guess(self, letter):
        """
            Interact with game by calling this function repeatedly with user's guesses
             letter - the letter the player has guessed
        """
        if not letter in alphabet or not len(letter)==1:
            return GUESS.INVALID_NOT_A_LETTER

        if letter in self.guessed:
            return GUESS.INVALID_ALREADY_GUESSED  # or throw a custom exception class HangmanIncorrectGuessException(Exception): pass

        # else guess is legitimate

        self.guessed.add(letter)
        if letter in self.phrase:  # if guess was correct
            # update internal state
            self.revealed = ''.join((c if c in self.guessed else (' ' if c==' ' else '?')) for c in self.phrase)

            # check for win
            print(set(self.guessed), set(self.phrase))
            if self.guessed>=set(self.phrase):  # non-strict superset, see set.__ge__ etc.
                self.game_state = GAME_STATE.WON
                self.redraw
                return GUESS.CORRECT_WIN
            else:
                return GUESS.CORRECT
        else:  # if guess was incorrect
            self.num_incorrect_guesses += 1

            # check for loss
            if self.num_incorrect_guesses==HangmanGame.MAX_INCORRECT_GUESSES:
                self.game_state = GAME_STATE.LOST
                self.redraw()
                return GUESS.INCORRECT_LOSS
            else:
                self.redraw()
                return GUESS.INCORRECT

    def redraw(self):
        '''
            updates canvas to reflect current game state
        '''
        # pygame.clearcanvasorsomething()
        for bodypart in HangmanGame._bodyparts[:self.num_incorrect_guesses]:
            bodypart()

        if self.game_state==GAME_STATE.LOST:
            pass #draw appropriate GAME OVER
        elif self.game_state==GAME_STATE.WON:
            pass #draw appropriate CONGRATULATIONS

互动循环： 

while True:
    print('NEW GAME')
    game = HangmanGame('penguin')
    while game.game_state==GAME_STATE.ACTIVE:
        result = game.guess(raw_input('Guess a letter: '))
        print(game.revealed, result)
        print('')

试玩游戏： 

NEW GAME                                                                                                                                    
Guess a letter: p
(set(['p']), set(['e', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'p', 'u']))
('p??????', GUESS.CORRECT)

Guess a letter: e
(set(['p', 'e']), set(['e', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'p', 'u']))
('pe?????', GUESS.CORRECT)

Guess a letter: n
(set(['p', 'e', 'n']), set(['e', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'p', 'u']))
('pen???n', GUESS.CORRECT)

Guess a letter: guin
('pen???n', GUESS.INVALID_NOT_A_LETTER)

Guess a letter: 7
('pen???n', GUESS.INVALID_NOT_A_LETTER)

Guess a letter:  
('pen???n', GUESS.INVALID_NOT_A_LETTER)

Guess a letter: z
bodypart#1
('pen???n', GUESS.INCORRECT)

Guess a letter: x
bodypart#1
bodypart#2
('pen???n', GUESS.INCORRECT)

Guess a letter: c
bodypart#1
bodypart#2
bodypart#3
('pen???n', GUESS.INCORRECT)

Guess a letter: i
(set(['p', 'c', 'e', 'i', 'x', 'z', 'n']), set(['e', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'p', 'u']))
('pen??in', GUESS.CORRECT)

Guess a letter: u
(set(['c', 'e', 'i', 'n', 'p', 'u', 'x', 'z']), set(['e', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'p', 'u']))
('pen?uin', GUESS.CORRECT)

Guess a letter: g
(set(['c', 'e', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'p', 'u', 'x', 'z']), set(['e', 'g', 'i', 'n', 'p', 'u']))
('penguin', GUESS.CORRECT_WIN)

NEW GAME
Guess a letter: q
bodypart#1
('???????', GUESS.INCORRECT)

Guess a letter: w
bodypart#1
bodypart#2
('???????', GUESS.INCORRECT)

Guess a letter: r
bodypart#1
bodypart#2
bodypart#3
('???????', GUESS.INCORRECT)

...more incorrect guesses...

('???????', GUESS.INCORRECT_LOSS)


文章来源: For Loop Functions in Python
标签： python function loops pygame
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