Grails领域类与继承的关系(Relationships between Grails domai

我有以下类。在src/groovy ，

class Profile {
    String firstName
    String middleName
    String lastName
    byte[] photo
    String bio
}

域类BasicProfile和AcademicProfile延长Profile 。

class BasicProfile extends Profile {

    User user
    Date dateCreated
    Date lastUpdated

    static constraints = {
        firstName blank: false
        middleName nullable: true
        lastName blank: false
        photo nullable: true, maxSize: 2 * 1024**2
        bio nullable: true, maxSize: 500
    }

    static mapping = {
        tablePerSubclass true
    }
}

class AcademicProfile extends Profile {

    User user
    String dblpId
    String scholarId
    String website
    Date dateCreated
    Date lastUpdated

    static hasMany = [publications: Publication]

    static constraints = {
        importFrom BasicProfile
        dblpId nullable: true
        scholarId nullable: true
        website nullable: true, url: true
        publications nullable: true
    }

    static mapping = { 
        tablePerSubclass true
    }
}

然后有一个Publication的类。

class Publication {

    String dblpId
    String scholarId
    String title
    String description
    Date publicationDate
    int citations
    Date dateCreated
    Date lastUpdated

    static belongsTo = [AcademicProfile]
    static hasOne = [publisher: Publisher]
    static hasMany = [academicProfiles: AcademicProfile]

    static constraints = {
        dblpId nullable: true
        scholarId nullable: true
        title blank: false, maxSize: 100
        description nullable: true, maxSize: 500
        publicationDate: nullable: true
        academicProfiles nullable: false
    }
}

最后，我有一个User类。

class User {

    String username
    String password
    String email
    Date dateCreated
    Date lastUpdated

    static hasOne = [basicProfile: BasicProfile, academicProfile: AcademicProfile]

    static constraints = {
        username size: 3..20, unique: true, nullable: false, validator: { _username ->
            _username.toLowerCase() == _username
        }
        password size: 6..100, nullable: false, validator: { _password, user ->
            _password != user.username
        }
        email email: true, blank: false
        basicProfile nullable: true
        academicProfile nullable: true
    }
}

我的问题如下。

我想要的关系，其中每个User可以任选地具有一个Profile （无论BasicProfile或AcademicProfile ）。我想static hasOne = [profile: Profile]但我得到的错误说Profile不同意hasOne关系。所以，当前的设置我有一种变通方法。难道就没有办法，用户可以有一个Profile是它BasicProfile或AcademicProfile ？
其次，在当前的设置，我得到的错误： Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.MappingException: An association from the table academic_profile_publications refers to an unmapped class: org.academic.AcademicProfile Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.MappingException: An association from the table academic_profile_publications refers to an unmapped class: org.academic.AcademicProfile当我尝试运行它。谷歌搜索告诉我，这是与自其他类继承类的问题。因此从技术上讲，如果我没有hasMany的关系Publication与AcademicProfile ，它应该没有任何问题。但我不希望出现这种情况。由于发布有许多作者（ AcademicProfile在我的情况下）和一个作者可能有很多出版物。那么，有没有办法解决这个问题？