iPhone: random() function gives me the same random

问题:

I am using function random()%x for the generation of a random number, but every time I start the application I see that it creates or generates the same number.

Like I am placing some images randomly based on that random number and I see all the images are placed at the same place no matter how many times I run the application.

回答1:

You'll likely have better luck with arc4random(), you don't need to explicitly seed it and it seems to be a "better" random.

回答2:

Obligatory XKCD comic:

回答3:

In your application delegate:

- (void) applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application 
{
    srandom(time(NULL));

    // ...

    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      NSLog(@"%d", random());
    }
}

The reason this works is because pseudorandom number generators require a starting, or seed value. By using the time, you are more likely to get different sequences of "random" numbers upon each execution.

If you do not specify a seed value, the same seed is used on each execution, which yields the same sequence. This is usually undesired behavior, but in some cases it is useful to be able to generate the same sequence, for example, for testing algorithms.

In most cases, you will want to specify a seed value that will change between runs, which is where the current time comes in handy.

回答4:

For newbies that come across this post:

The random() function produces a pseudo-random sequence. random() ways gives you the same pseudo-random sequence each time you use it. You need to "seed" the sequence to pick a different starting point so each time you run it so it appears different. You can use the system time to seed (srandom(time(NULL)) or use the helper function srandomdev().

To experiment try:

#include "stdio.h"

int main(void) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        printf("%d\n", random());

    return 0;
}

You'll always get the same sequence, on my computer it gives:

1804289383
846930886
1681692777
1714636915
1957747793
424238335
719885386
1649760492
596516649
1189641421

More reading:

• The random man page for more information. (Run man random from Terminal.)

回答5:

arc4random will be better solution than rand() or random(). See this.

回答6:

Don't forget you need to seed the random number generator via srandom before using it, with a changing value such as the current time.

回答7:

Call srandomdev() first.

srandomdev();
long my_rand = random();

回答8:

Do use srandom (or the equivalent for your random number function of choice), but also use conditionals around it, so that if you are debugging, things always happen the same way. I also tend to put NSLog warnings when doing things like that, so I don't ship brian-dead code.

#if DEBUG==0
srandom(time(NULL));
#else
NSLog(@"Debug build: Random numbers are not random!");
#endif

or

if(!debuggingBuild)
    srandom(time(NULL));
else
    NSLog(@"Debug build: Random numbers are not random!");