所以我想实现的xorshift的PRNG为从参数化STL-样式类random
,例如像std::mersenne_twister_engine
,这样我就可以与那些相当方便发行版使用它从random
库等。
无论如何,我有超载问题operator<<
,坦率地说,我彻底难倒。
类是参数如下:
template <size_t __n,
int_least8_t __a, int_least8_t __b, int_least8_t __c,
uint64_t __m>
class xorshift_engine
{
...
过载被声明为一个friend
这样的类中:
template <size_t __n_,
int_least8_t __a_, int_least8_t __b_, int_least8_t __c_,
uint64_t __m_,
typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
friend std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator<< (std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& _os,
const xorshift_engine<__n_, __a_, __b_, __c_, __m_>& _x);
其外部类的实现看起来是这样的:
template <size_t __n,
int_least8_t __a, int_least8_t __b, int_least8_t __c,
uint64_t __m,
typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator<< (std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& _os,
const xorshift_engine<__n, __a, __b, __c, __m>& _x)
{
...
}
当我尝试编译如下:
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include "xorshift.hpp"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
xorshift1024star bip(2345);
mt19937_64 bip2(2345);
cout << bip << endl;
cout << endl << bip2 << endl;
return 0;
}
( xorshift1024star
只是的一个实例xorshift_engine
类:
typedef xorshift_engine<16, -31, 11, 30, 1181783497276652981ULL> xorshift1024star;
)我得到这个错误(我代替我的用户名与文件路径---
):
C:\Users\---\Documents\randgen.cpp: In function 'int main()':
C:\Users\---\Documents\randgen.cpp:11:7: error: ambiguous overload for 'operator<<' (operand types are 'std::ostream {aka std::basic_ostream<char>}' and 'xorshift1024star {aka xorshift_engine<16ull, -31, 11, 30, 1181783497276652981ull>}')
cout << bip << endl;
^
C:\Users\---\Documents\randgen.cpp:11:7: note: candidates are:
In file included from C:\Users\---\Documents\randgen.cpp:3:0:
C:\Users\---\Documents\xorshift.hpp:898:1: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const xorshift_engine<__n, __a, __b, __c, __m>&) [with long long unsigned int __n = 16ull; signed char __a = -31; signed char __b = 11; signed char __c = 30; long long unsigned int __m = 1181783497276652981ull; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]
operator<< (std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& _os,
^
C:\Users\---\Documents\xorshift.hpp:858:2: note: std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const xorshift_engine<__n_, __a_, __b_, __c_, __m_>&) [with long long unsigned int __n_ = 16ull; signed char __a_ = -31; signed char __b_ = 11; signed char __c_ = 30; long long unsigned int __m_ = 1181783497276652981ull; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; long long unsigned int __n = 16ull; signed char __a = -31; signed char __b = 11; signed char __c = 30; long long unsigned int __m = 1181783497276652981ull]
operator<< (std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& os,
^
In file included from C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-4.9.0-posix-seh-rt_v3-rev1/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/c++/iostream:39:0,
from C:\Users\---\Documents\randgen.cpp:1:
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-4.9.0-posix-seh-rt_v3-rev1/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/c++/ostream:602:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&&, const _Tp&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Tp = xorshift_engine<16ull, -31, 11, 30, 1181783497276652981ull>] <near match>
operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __os, const _Tp& __x)
^
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-4.9.0-posix-seh-rt_v3-rev1/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/c++/ostream:602:5: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::ostream {aka std::basic_ostream<char>}' to 'std::basic_ostream<char>&&'
作为参考,这是过载的声明方式内部mersenne_twister_engine
在bits/random.h
:
template<typename _UIntType1,
size_t __w1, size_t __n1,
size_t __m1, size_t __r1,
_UIntType1 __a1, size_t __u1,
_UIntType1 __d1, size_t __s1,
_UIntType1 __b1, size_t __t1,
_UIntType1 __c1, size_t __l1, _UIntType1 __f1,
typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
friend std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
const std::mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType1, __w1, __n1,
__m1, __r1, __a1, __u1, __d1, __s1, __b1, __t1, __c1,
__l1, __f1>& __x);
其在实施bits/random.tcc
:
template<typename _UIntType, size_t __w,
size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
_UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
_UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l,
_UIntType __f, typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
const mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m,
__r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>& __x)
{
...
}
如果我注释掉cout << bip << endl;
在我的测试代码行,它编译无误的运行,所以这个过载是好的,但我不是。
我完全没了主意。 我在想什么? 我会感激之余,如果有人可以帮助我。
编辑:对于那些暗示这是我应该前瞻性声明的功能解决了“模板友”的问题,我刚才说
template <size_t __n,
int_least8_t __a, int_least8_t __b, int_least8_t __c,
uint64_t __m>
class xorshift_engine;
template <size_t __n,
int_least8_t __a, int_least8_t __b, int_least8_t __c,
uint64_t __m,
typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator<< (std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& _os,
const xorshift_engine<__n, __a, __b, __c, __m>& _x);
类体/执行前,我在试图编译得到同样的错误。
EDIT2:简化的例子给予同样的编译错误:
//file "failclass.hpp"
#ifndef _FAILCLASS_HPP
#define _FAILCLASS_HPP
#include <iosfwd>
#include <type_traits>
template <int n>
class failclass
{
private:
static constexpr int k = n;
public:
template<int n1, typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
friend std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator<< (std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& _os,
const failclass<n1>& _x);
};
template<int n1, typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator<< (std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& _os,
const failclass<n1>& _x)
{
_os << _x.k;
return _os;
}
#endif // _FAILCLASS_HPP
尝试编译如下:
//file "failtest.cpp"
#include <iostream>
#include "failclass.hpp"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
failclass<5> a;
cout << a;
return 0;
}