Applet的忽明忽暗，甚至使用双缓冲使用后(Applet Flickers even after

2019-10-17 19:30发布

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我试图做一个2人游戏傍小程序在用户控制使用鼠标的桨。

我已经使用双缓冲的概念，但仍Applet的闪烁 ！ 什么是我犯的错误？ 

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import java.util.Timer;
import javax.swing.JApplet;

public class Pong extends JApplet implements Runnable, MouseMotionListener {
    Ball ball;
    Paddle left_paddle;
    Paddle right_paddle;
    Image image;
    Graphics DoubleBuffered;

    @Override
    public void init() {
        setSize(800, 600);
        addMouseMotionListener(this);
        setFocusable(true);
        requestFocusInWindow();        
    }

    @Override
    public void start() {
        left_paddle = new Paddle(5, 200, this);
        right_paddle = new Paddle(this.getWidth() - 30, this.getHeight() / 2, this);
        ball = new Ball(100, 100, left_paddle, right_paddle);
        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
        thread.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            ball.update(this);
            repaint();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(17); //Frame rate of approx 60 FPS
            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {

            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Graphics g) {
        if (image == null) {
            image = createImage(this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());
            DoubleBuffered = image.getGraphics();
        }
        DoubleBuffered.setColor(getBackground());
        DoubleBuffered.fillRect(0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());

        DoubleBuffered.setColor(getForeground());
        paint (DoubleBuffered);

        DoubleBuffered.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.fillRect(0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());
        ball.paint(g);
        left_paddle.paint(g);
        right_paddle.paint(g);
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        g.drawLine(this.getWidth()/2, 0, this.getWidth()/2, this.getHeight());
    }

    @Override
    public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
    }

    @Override
    public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
        int y = e.getY();
        int x = e.getX();
        if (x < this.getWidth()/2) { //Control the left paddle
            if (y < 0) {
                y = 0;
            } else if (y + left_paddle.getHeight() >= this.getHeight()) {
                y = this.getHeight() - left_paddle.getHeight();
            }
            left_paddle.mouse(y);
        }
        else {
            if (y < 0) {
                y = 0;
            } else if (y + right_paddle.getHeight() >= this.getHeight()) {
                y = this.getHeight() - right_paddle.getHeight();
            }
            right_paddle.mouse(y);
        }
    }
}

class Ball {
    private int x;
    private int y;
    private float dx=4;
    private float dy=5;
    private int radius = 10;
    private Paddle left, right;

    Ball(int x, int y, Paddle x1, Paddle y1) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
        left = x1;
        right = y1;
    }

    public void reset ()
    {
        this.x = 400;
        this.y = 200;
    }

    public void update(Pong ref)
    {
        if (x+dx < left.getX()+left.getWidth()+radius && y+dy+radius >= left.getY() && y+dy+radius <= left.getY()+left.getHeight()) {
            x = left.getX()+left.getWidth()+radius;
            dx *= (-1);
            // checks the left paddle collision
        }
        else if (x+dx+radius >= right.getX() && y+dy+radius >= right.getY() && y+dy+radius <= right.getY()+right.getHeight() ) {
            x = right.getX() - radius;
            dx *= (-1);
            //checks the right paddle collision
        }
        //if ball touches the boundary reset it at middle point
        else if (x+dx+radius >= ref.getWidth()) {
            reset();
        }
        else if (x + dx < radius) {
            reset();
        }
        else {
            x += dx;
        }

        if (y+dy +radius > ref.getHeight()) {
            y = ref.getHeight() - radius - 1;
            dy *= (-1);
        }
        else if (y + dy < radius) {
            y = radius;
            dy *= (-1);
        }
        else {
            y += dy;
        }
    }

    public void paint (Graphics g)
    {
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.fillOval(x-radius, y-radius, 2*radius, 2*radius);
    }

}

class Paddle {

    private int x;
    private int y;
    private int width = 25;
    private int height = 150;
    private Timer timer;

    public Paddle(int x, int y, Pong ref) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    public int getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    public int getWidth() {
        return width;
    }

    public int getX() {
        return x;
    }

    public int getY() {
        return y;
    }

    public void paint (Graphics g)
    {
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.fillRect(x, y, width, height);
    }

    //mouse lookup
    void mouse(int y_final)
    {
        y = y_final;
    }
}

Answer 1:

一般来说，你应该避免重写paint和update顶级容器，如方法JApplet 。

你必须记住调用super.update ，通过它，你所创建的图形上下文。 你还必须记住调用super.paint 。 有很多重要的功能将在这里，你不想跳过。

你还应该配置您创建的任何图形的，因为他们往往霸占内存;）

但是，视为你使用Swing组件，无论如何，你应该自己创建一个自定义组件（从类似JPanel ），并使用它paintComponent方法。

造成这种情况的主要原因是，Swing组件双默认缓冲... 

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.JApplet;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class Pong extends JApplet {

    private GamePane gamePane;

    @Override
    public void init() {
        setSize(800, 600);
        gamePane = new GamePane();
        setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        add(gamePane);
    }

    @Override
    public void start() {
        gamePane.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }

    public class GamePane extends JPanel implements MouseMotionListener {

        Ball ball;
        Paddle left_paddle;
        Paddle right_paddle;

        public GamePane() {
            setBackground(Color.WHITE);
            addMouseMotionListener(this);
            setFocusable(true);
            requestFocusInWindow();
        }

        public void start() {
            left_paddle = new Paddle(5, 200);
            right_paddle = new Paddle(this.getWidth() - 30, this.getHeight() / 2);
            ball = new Ball(100, 100, left_paddle, right_paddle);
            Timer timer = new Timer(40, new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    ball.update(GamePane.this);
                    repaint();
                }
            });
            timer.setRepeats(true);
            timer.setCoalesce(true);
            timer.start();
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.

            ball.paint(g);
            left_paddle.paint(g);
            right_paddle.paint(g);
            g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            g.drawLine(this.getWidth() / 2, 0, this.getWidth() / 2, this.getHeight());

        }

        @Override
        public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
        }

        @Override
        public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
            int y = e.getY();
            int x = e.getX();
            if (x < this.getWidth() / 2) { //Control the left paddle
                if (y < 0) {
                    y = 0;
                } else if (y + left_paddle.getHeight() >= this.getHeight()) {
                    y = this.getHeight() - left_paddle.getHeight();
                }
                left_paddle.mouse(y);
            } else {
                if (y < 0) {
                    y = 0;
                } else if (y + right_paddle.getHeight() >= this.getHeight()) {
                    y = this.getHeight() - right_paddle.getHeight();
                }
                right_paddle.mouse(y);
            }
        }
    }

    class Ball {

        private int x;
        private int y;
        private float dx = 4;
        private float dy = 5;
        private int radius = 10;
        private Paddle left, right;

        Ball(int x, int y, Paddle x1, Paddle y1) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
            left = x1;
            right = y1;
        }

        public void reset() {
            this.x = 400;
            this.y = 200;
        }

        public void update(GamePane ref) {
            if (x + dx < left.getX() + left.getWidth() + radius && y + dy + radius >= left.getY() && y + dy + radius <= left.getY() + left.getHeight()) {
                x = left.getX() + left.getWidth() + radius;
                dx *= (-1);
                // checks the left paddle collision
            } else if (x + dx + radius >= right.getX() && y + dy + radius >= right.getY() && y + dy + radius <= right.getY() + right.getHeight()) {
                x = right.getX() - radius;
                dx *= (-1);
                //checks the right paddle collision
            } //if ball touches the boundary reset it at middle point
            else if (x + dx + radius >= ref.getWidth()) {
                reset();
            } else if (x + dx < radius) {
                reset();
            } else {
                x += dx;
            }

            if (y + dy + radius > ref.getHeight()) {
                y = ref.getHeight() - radius - 1;
                dy *= (-1);
            } else if (y + dy < radius) {
                y = radius;
                dy *= (-1);
            } else {
                y += dy;
            }
        }

        public void paint(Graphics g) {
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.fillOval(x - radius, y - radius, 2 * radius, 2 * radius);
        }
    }

    public class Paddle {

        private int x;
        private int y;
        private int width = 25;
        private int height = 150;
        private Timer timer;

        public Paddle(int x, int y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }

        public int getHeight() {
            return height;
        }

        public int getWidth() {
            return width;
        }

        public int getX() {
            return x;
        }

        public int getY() {
            return y;
        }

        public void paint(Graphics g) {
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillRect(x, y, width, height);
        }

        //mouse lookup
        void mouse(int y_final) {
            y = y_final;
        }
    }
}


文章来源: Applet Flickers even after using using Double Buffering
标签： java swing concurrency paint japplet
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