Switch statement equivalent in Windows batch file

问题:

I wonder if there is a simple way to branch execution in a Windows batch file depending on the value of one single expression. Something akin to switch/case blocks in C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, PHP, and other real programming languages.

My only workaround is a plain if/else block where the same expression is repeatedly checked for equality against different values:

IF "%ID%"=="0" (
  REM do something
) ELSE IF "%ID%"=="1" (
  REM do something else
) ELSE IF "%ID%"=="2" (
  REM do another thing
) ELSE (
  REM default case...
)

So dumb. Is there a better solution?

回答1:

I ended up using label names containing the values for the case expressions as suggested by AjV Jsy. Anyway, I use CALL instead of GOTO to jump into the correct case block and GOTO :EOF to jump back. The following sample code is a complete batch script illustrating the idea.

@ECHO OFF

SET /P COLOR="Choose a background color (type red, blue or black): "

2>NUL CALL :CASE_%COLOR% # jump to :CASE_red, :CASE_blue, etc.
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 CALL :DEFAULT_CASE # If label doesn't exist

ECHO Done.
EXIT /B

:CASE_red
  COLOR CF
  GOTO END_CASE
:CASE_blue
  COLOR 9F
  GOTO END_CASE
:CASE_black
  COLOR 0F
  GOTO END_CASE
:DEFAULT_CASE
  ECHO Unknown color "%COLOR%"
  GOTO END_CASE
:END_CASE
  VER > NUL # reset ERRORLEVEL
  GOTO :EOF # return from CALL

回答2:

This is simpler to read:

IF "%ID%"=="0" REM do something
IF "%ID%"=="1" REM do something else
IF "%ID%"=="2" REM do another thing
IF %ID% GTR 2  REM default case...

回答3:

Compact form for short commands (no 'echo'):

IF "%ID%"=="0" ( ... & ... & ... ) ELSE ^
IF "%ID%"=="1" ( ... ) ELSE ^
IF "%ID%"=="2" ( ... ) ELSE ^
REM default case...

After ^ must be an immediate line end, no spaces.

回答4:

I searched switch / case in batch files today and stumbled upon this. I used this solution and extended it with a goto exit.

IF "%1"=="red" echo "one selected" & goto exit
IF "%1"=="two" echo "two selected" & goto exit
...

echo "Options: [one | two | ...]

:exit 

Which brings in the default state (echo line) and no extra if's when the choice is found.

回答5:

It might be a bit late, but this does it:

set "case1=operation1"
set "case2=operation2"
set "case3=operation3"

setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
!%switch%!
endlocal

%switch% gets replaced before line execution. Serious downsides:

• You override the case variables
• It needs DelayedExpansion

Might eventually be usefull in some cases.

回答6:

Try by this way. To perform some list of operations like

1. Switch case has been used.
2. Checking the conditional statements.
3. Invoking the function with more than two arguments.

---

 @echo off
 :Start2 
    cls
    goto Start
    :Start
    echo --------------------------------------
    echo     Welcome to the Shortcut tool     
    echo --------------------------------------            
    echo Choose from the list given below:
    echo [1] 2017
    echo [2] 2018
    echo [3] Task

    set /a one=1
    set /a two=2
    set /a three=3
    set /a four=4
    set input=
    set /p input= Enter your choice:
    if %input% equ %one% goto Z if NOT goto Start2
    if %input% equ %two% goto X if NOT goto Start2
    if %input% equ %three% goto C if NOT goto Start2
    if %input% geq %four% goto N

    :Z
    cls
    echo You have selected year : 2017
    set year=2017
    echo %year%
    call:branches year

    pause
    exit

    :X
    cls
    echo You have selected year : 2018
    set year=2018
    echo %year%
    call:branches year
    pause
    exit

    :C  
    cls
    echo You have selected Task
    call:Task
    pause
    exit

    :N
    cls
    echo Invalid Selection! Try again
    pause
    goto :start2




    :branches
    cls
    echo Choose from the list of Branches given below:
    echo [1] January
    echo [2] Feburary
    echo [3] March
    SETLOCAL
    set /a "Number1=%~1"
    set input=
    set /p input= Enter your choice:
    set /a b=0
    set /a bd=3
    set /a bdd=4
    if %input% equ %b% goto N
    if %input% leq %bd% call:Z1 Number1,input if NOT goto Start2
    if %input% geq %bdd% goto N



    :Z1
    cls
    SETLOCAL
    set /a "Number1=%~1"
    echo year = %Number1%
    set /a "Number2=%~2"
    echo branch = %Number2%
    call:operation Number1,Number2
    pause
    GOTO :EOF


    :operation
    cls
    echo Choose from the list of Operation given below:
    echo [1] UB
    echo [3] B
    echo [4] C
    echo [5] l
    echo [6] R
    echo [7] JT
    echo [8] CT
    echo [9] JT
    SETLOCAL
    set /a "year=%~1"
    echo Your have selected year = %year%
    set /a "month=%~2"
    echo You have selected Branch = %month%
    set operation=
    set /p operation= Enter your choice:
    set /a b=0
    set /a bd=9
    set /a bdd=10
    if %input% equ %b% goto N
    if %operation% leq %bd% goto :switch-case-N-%operation% if NOT goto Start2
    if %input% geq %bdd% goto N




    :switch-case-N-1
    echo Januray
    echo %year%,%month%,%operation%
    goto :switch-case-end

    :switch-case-N-2
    echo Feburary
    echo %year%,%month%,%operation%
    goto :switch-case-end

    :switch-case-N-3
    echo march
    echo %year%,%month%,%operation%
    goto :switch-case-end

    :switch-case-end
       echo Task Completed
       pause
       exit
       goto :start2






    :Task
    cls
    echo Choose from the list of Operation given below:
    echo [1] UB
    echo [3] B
    echo [4] C
    echo [5] l
    echo [6] R
    echo [7] JT
    echo [8] CT
    echo [9] JT
    SETLOCAL
    set operation=
    set /p operation= Enter your choice:
    set /a b=0
    set /a bd=9
    set /a bdd=10
    if %input% equ %b% goto N
    if %operation% leq %bd% goto :switch-case-N-%operation% if NOT goto Start2
    if %input% geq %bdd% goto N




    :switch-case-N-1
    echo Januray
    echo %operation%
    goto :switch-case-end

    :switch-case-N-2
    echo Feburary
    echo %year%,%month%,%operation%
    goto :switch-case-end

    :switch-case-N-3
    echo march
    echo %year%,%month%,%operation%
    goto :switch-case-end

    :switch-case-end
       echo Task Completed
       pause
       exit
       goto :start2

回答7:

I guess all other options would be more cryptic. For those who like readable and non-cryptic code:

IF        "%ID%"=="0" (
    REM do something

) ELSE IF "%ID%"=="1" (
    REM do something else

) ELSE IF "%ID%"=="2" (
    REM do another thing

) ELSE (
    REM default case...
)

It's like an anecdote:

Magician: Put the egg under the hat, do the magic passes ... Remove the hat and ... get the same egg but in the side view ...

The IF ELSE solution isn't that bad. It's almost as good as python's if elif else. More cryptic 'eggs' can be found here.

回答8:

If if is not working you use:

:switch case %n%=1 
statements;
goto :switch case end
etc..

http://lallouslab.net/2016/12/21/batchography-switch-case/